华扁穗草叶片的形态解剖结构观察

利用光学显微镜研究了华扁穗草叶的形态解剖结构.结果表明,华扁穗草叶着生于秆中部以下,叶条形,平行脉序.上下表皮外切向壁上均有角质膜.正面观上,上下表皮细胞的细胞壁均呈不同程度的波浪状.上表皮细胞从叶缘至中部有5种类型,主脉正上方凹陷处有13-15个泡状细胞.下表皮细胞有3种类型,为脉正上方的长、短细胞和脉间的细胞;气孔器仅分布于下表皮,密度较大.栅栏组织发达;叶肉组织中有分布较广的异化细胞.相邻维管束之间有发达的气腔,其面积约占总叶片面积的60%.叶脉稠密,维管束鞘两层,外层为较大型薄壁细胞,内层为较小的厚壁细胞.机械组织成片存在于主脉和较大侧脉靠下表皮侧.华扁穗草叶片的特殊结构是其与高寒环境长期适应的结果,这种生态适应性可为该植物的进一步开发利用提供解剖学依据.

Study on morphological anatomy of leaf in Blysmus sinocompressus

The morphological anatomy structure of leaves of Blysmus sinocompressus Tang et Wang was studied by using light microscope.The results showed that the leaves of Blysmus sinocompressus located below the middle of the stalk,the lamina was strip shape,and parallel neuration.The outer tangential wall of both surfaces had cuticle.The both surface cells had sinuate anticlinal walls in surface-view.The upper epidermal cell could be divided into five types from leaf margin to middle part of leaf.The bulliform cells(13~15) were situated above of median adaxial grooves.There were three types of cells in the lower epidermis,such as long cells,short cells and intercostals cells(those between the veins).The stomatal apparatus only existed in the lower epidermis and was dense correspondingly.The palisade tissue was well developed;the mesophyll tissue had far-flung idioblast.Air-cavities were situated in border upon vascular bundle.The proportion of air-cavities was 60 % of that of whole blade.The leaf veins were dense,bundle sheaths had two layers,the outer layers were bigger parenchyma and the inner ones were smaller sclerenchyma.The mechanical tissue flakily situated in the downside of the main vein and the bigger lateral veins.The specific structure of Blysmus sinocompressus was the result from long-term adaptation of the plant to alpine environment,and the ecological adaptability would provid the anatomical basis for further development and utilization of this plant.