不同灌溉方式对制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响

通过田间试验,研究了畦灌、常规沟灌、隔沟交替灌3种灌溉方式对制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响,结果表明,不同灌溉方式下,制种玉米产量为8.73~10.87 t/hm~2,耗水量为349.7~625.0 mm,WUE为1.40~3.01kg/m~3。隔沟交替灌溉方式耗水量最低,畦灌方式最高,常规沟灌居中。相同灌溉定额条件下,隔沟交替灌制种玉米产量较常规沟灌增减幅度在-2.43%~10.24%。常规沟灌方式若能保证作物需水关键期的灌溉,适度减少灌水不会造成制种玉米减产。产量构成要素结果表明,行粒数、出籽率、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、千粒重产量构成要素对产量的累积贡献率达85.54%。在甘肃河西地区,制种玉米全生育期灌水8次(苗期1次,拔节期2次,抽穗期1次,灌浆期2次,乳熟期2次),灌溉定额2 250 m~3/hm~2的隔沟交替灌溉方式(T6处理)能稳定提高产量和水分利用效率。

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Seed Maize Yield and Water Use Efficiency

Through field experiment, the effects of three irrigation methods,including small border irrigation, conventional furrow irrigation and alternate furrow irrigation, on yield and WUE of seed maize are evaluated.The results show that yield, water consumption and WUE is 8.73~10.87 t/hm 2, 349.7~625.0 mm and 1.4~3.01 kg/m 3, respectively;the order of water consumption from high to small is small Border Irrigation (SBI), Conventional Furrow Irrigation (CFI), Alternate Furrow Irrigation (AFI).Compared with CFI, AFI increases seed maize yield by -2.43%~10.24%under the same irrigation quota.Under conventional furrow irrigation, the decrease of irrigation will not decrease yield if the crucial crop water requirement can be guaranteed.The yield components analysis result shows that the accumulative contribution rate of kernels per row factor, kernel percentage, ear length factor, ear diameter factor, bare top length factor and 1000-grain weight factor, can reach 85.54%.The irrigation schedule with 2250 m3/hm2 irrigation quota and 8 irrigation times ( 2 times at seedling stage, 1 time at jointing stage, 1 time at heading stage, 2 times at filling stage, 2 times at milk stage), can get higher economic yield and better WUE in desert oasis area of Gansu Province.