垄作沟灌条件下不同灌溉制度对土壤水分及制种玉米产量的影响

为探求西北内陆干旱地区制种玉米合理的灌溉制度,在石羊河流域设置了灌水定额、灌水次数、次追肥量和追肥次数的L9(34)正交试验。结果表明,制种玉米生育期表层土壤水分变化大,随制种玉米播后天数的增加呈降低趋势。相同灌水定额条件下,随灌水次数增加深层土壤水分含量出现多次峰值。制种玉米经济产量介于2 704.14~4 877.57 kg/hm~2,水分利用效率介于0.737~1.053 kg/m~3。制种玉米产量与耗水量呈显著正相关关系(R2=0.84)。产量与穗粗、穗长、秃尖长、穗行数及行粒数各产量特征值呈显著正相关关系。垄膜沟灌条件下,制种玉米全生育期灌水6次(播后灌水定额500 m~3/hm~2,拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽穗期、灌浆前期、灌浆后期灌水定额均为400m~3/hm~2),总灌溉定额为2500 m~3/hm~2,拔节期、大喇叭口期分别追施N肥1次(追肥量150 kg/hm~2)的水肥调控措施作物产量和水分利用效率最优。

Effects of Irrigation Schedules on Soil Moisture and Seed Maize Yield Under Ridge Culture and Furrow Irrigation Condition

In order to exploit the proper water and nutrient schedules of seed maize in arid areas in Northwest China, field experiments with orthogonal test of L9( 34) on regulation of irrigation and nutrients were conducted in Shiyanghe basin.The results showed that surface soil moisture variation was large and decreased with the growing of seed maize;under the same irrigation quota, the peaks of soil moisture were formed in deep soil with the increase of irrigation times;the yield and WUE lies between 2704.14~4877.57 kg/hm2 , 0.737~1.053 kg/m3 , respectively;the yield was significantly and positively correlated with the water consumption ( R2=0.84) , ear diameter, ear length, bald tip length, ear row number and row grain number;under ridge culture and furrow irrigation condition, the irrigation quota of 2500 m3/hm2 with 6 irrigation times (500 m3/hm2 after sowing, 400 m3/hm2 for stages of jointing, bell, heading, pre-milk and milk, respectively), and the topdressing ( urea) quota of 200 kg/hm2 in jointing and bell stage were effective and optimal.