不同颜色地膜覆盖对玉米土壤水热状况及产量的影响

针对河套灌区普通农用白色地膜造成的玉米早衰现象,试验设置黑色地膜覆盖、白色地膜覆盖和不覆膜3个处理,研究了不同颜色地膜覆盖对土壤水热效应及玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:黑色地膜在各生育期内0~15 cm土壤温度要显著的低于白色地膜覆盖(P0.05),平均低0.77℃,且在一日内气温最高时段差异更为明显,这也使得玉米免遭高温的危害,有利于其正常生长发育。黑色地膜覆盖条件下0~100cm土壤含水率与白色地膜覆盖无显著性差异(P0.05),具有较好的土壤保墒效果,但0~60 cm土壤含水率均显著或极显著高于不覆膜处理(P0.05或P0.01)。黑色地膜显著提高了玉米百粒重和产量,平均较白色地膜和不覆膜处理高百粒重平均高6.46%、9.86%,产量平均高5.99%和25.60%。黑色地膜覆盖明显提高了作物水分利用效率,平均较白色地膜和不覆膜处理高4.76%和34.24%。因此,玉米黑色地膜覆盖的农作措施较适宜在灌区推广应用。

Effects of Different Color Film Mulching on Soil Moisture-Heat and Yield of Maize

Aiming at the maize premature phenomenon due to the ordinary agricultural white film mulching in Hetao Irrigation District, three treatments, including black film mulch, white film mulch and non film mulch are set to compare the effects of different color film mulching treatments on soil moisture-heat, yield and water use efficiency.The results show that compared to white film mulch, the black film mulch can significantly reduce the soil temperature of 0~15 cm depth layer by 0.77 ℃(P<0.05, and the difference is more obvious for the highest temperature period in a day, so the high temperature harm to maize is reduced, which is conducive to the normal growth and development of maize;there is no significant difference for soil moisture content of 0~100 cm depth layer between black film mulch and white film mulch (P>0.05), both have better water retention effect;but the soil moisture content of 0~60 cm depth layer is significantly or very significantly higher than that of non film mulch(P<0.05 or P<0.01).For black film mulch, maize yield and 100 grain weight are increased by 6.46% and 9.86%, 5.99% and 25.60%, water use efficiency is increased by 4.76% and 34.24% when comparing with white film mulch and non film mulch.Therefore, black plastic mulch farming measures is suitable for application in Hetao Irrigation District.