春玉米不同品种耗水特性及水分利用效率差异研究

优选节水高产型品种是农艺及生物节水的重要措施;试验在半干旱区大田条件下,选用生产上主推的10个密植型春玉米杂交种,对丰水年型下不同品种的耗水特性、产量及水分利用效率差异进行分析研究,结果表明,品种间耗水特性及水分利用效率差异较大,全生育期耗水量以潞玉36最高,利民33最低;各品种对拔节期至抽雄期的土壤供水能力最敏感,且此阶段是造成品种间耗水量差异的主要时期;不同品种的水分利用效率与产量之间有较好的一致性,因此,大丰30、富友968、先玉335为高产、高水分利用效率、低耗水型品种,迪卡M9和利民33为低产、低水分利用效率、低耗水型品种;康地4574、郑单958、潞玉36、晋单65、京科968则产量较为接近,但均为高耗水型品种。研究为该区选择节水、高产型玉米品种提供基础,并对灌溉制度提供依据。

Research on Difference of Water Consumption Characteristics and Water Use Efficient of Different Maize Varieties

Selection of water-saving and high-yield varieties is one of the important measures for agricultural and biological water-saving.This paper selects ten high-planting density maize varieties which are widely used on production, and analyzes the difference of water consumption characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of different varieties in semi-arid in high flow year.The results shows that the water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency of different varieties have larger differences;during the whole growth period, the water consumption of Luyu36 is the highest, and Limin33 is the lowest;all the varieties are sensitive to soil water supply capacity most from jointing stage to tasseling stage and this phase is the main period for water consumption differences between varieties;water use efficiency of different varieties has better consistency with yield;Dafeng30, Fuyou968 and Xianyu335 are the varieties with high yield and water use efficiency and low water consumption;DikaM9 and Liming33 are the varieties with low yield, water use efficiency and water consumption;Kangdi4574, Zhendan958, Luyu36, Jindan65 and Jingke968 have the nearly same yield, and all are high water consumption varieties.This study results will provide basis for selecting water-saving and high-yield varieties and deciding irrigation regulations in semi-arid area.