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Phosphorus bioavailability of biochars produced by thermo‐chemical conversion
Authors:Bernd Weber  Ernst A Stadlbauer  Elmar Schlich  Sabrina Eichenauer  Juergen Kern  Diedrich Steffens
Institution:1. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México–Facultad de Ingeniería, Cerro de Coatepec s/n Col. San Buenaventura , Toluca, Estado de México 50130, Mexico;2. THM‐Giessen‐Friedberg–Laboratory of Waste Treatment, Giessen, Hessen, Germany;3. Justus Liebig University–Department of Process Engineering in Food and Servicing Business, Giessen, Hessen, Germany;4. Leibniz‐Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
Abstract:Recycling of P is a common strategy in efficient use of P. The aims of our investigation were to study the P extractability of biochars produced by low temperature conversion and to determine the effect of soda application on low‐temperature conversion of organic compounds and the bioavailability of P to rye grass (Lolium perenne L., cv. Grazer). In this study canola cake, dried distillers grains with solubles, and meat‐and‐bone meal were converted to biochars with thermo‐chemical conversion at 400°C. The P availability was measured in terms of solubility in water, 2% citric, and 2% formic acid, and in a pot experiment with rye grass (Lolium perenne L.) which was cut three times. Application of 8% (w/w) soda to the process of thermo‐chemical conversion of canola cake, dried distillers grains with soluble and meat‐and‐bone meal resulted in an increase of water‐, 2% citric‐, and 2% formic‐acid‐extractable P in the biochars. In contrast to the application of soda, addition of 12% wood ash (w/w) to the conversion of dried distillers grains with solubles resulted in a lower increase of water‐soluble P in the corresponding biochar compared to processing biochar without additives. Addition of biochar P (100 mg P kg soil]–1) to a Luvisol resulted in an increase of CAL‐extractable soil P. The P uptake of rye grass from biochars produced with the addition of soda was as effective as basic slag and MgNH4 phosphate fertilizers and even better than rock phosphate.
Keywords:carbonization  P bioavailability  P recycling  organic residues  soda
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