普通油茶及其优树生殖生态研究

本文着重研究了普通油茶 (Camellia oleifera Abel)霜降类型及其优良单株生殖器官的形态结构及其生殖过程 ,并对油茶的生殖生态开展了一个周期 (5 78d)的研究。结果表明 ,普通油茶由花芽分化到种子成熟共需 5 0 0 d;花果相会和花粉管萌发快是油茶生殖的两个主要特点 ,油茶的生殖过程包括五个阶段 ;花期或花时不遇是影响油茶授粉乃至落花的重要原因 ,花期阴雨、低温是影响油茶授粉和落花的主要气候因素 ,水分是油脂形成期的主导因子。油茶优良单株的生殖结构比一般油茶单株表现四方面的优势。用油茶优良单株为繁殖材料 ,建立花期、花时、果熟期一致的油茶林分 ,是提高油茶单位面积产量的关键途径 ;提高集约经营度 ,提供良好的生态环境 ,是改造油茶低产林分的有效措施。

Studies on Camellia olifera and Its Dominant Trees Ecological and Reproduction

Camellia oleifera descent types, reproductive organ shape construction and its process have been studied. The results show that: Camellia oleifera from flower bud to seed mature need 500 days, the reproductive process includes five periods and two characteristics: flowers meet with fruit and pollen tube germinates quickly; flower period or flower open time not meeting is a main factor that influent pollination and flower drop; Overcast and raining, low temperature are also main climate factors; Water is a main factor in the term of fat forming; The reproductive construction of the dominant tree have four advantages than normal trees, Using dominant tree stand that flowering period, flower open time and seed mature are in the same time are two key ways to increase oil production. Enhancing intensive management, providing better ecological environment are effective methods to improve production.