基于空间主成分分析的湖北省土壤侵蚀敏感性评价

以湖北省为研究区,利用GIS技术将土壤侵蚀与地形坡度、海拔、植被、降水量、土壤类型和土地利用类型等环境背景因素进行叠加分析,计算不同环境背景条件下的土壤侵蚀综合指数,分析土壤侵蚀与这些因素间的关系。在此基础上,运用空间主成分分析法(SPCA)评价不同环境背景下的土壤侵蚀敏感性程度,揭示研究区土壤侵蚀风险的空间分布特征。结果表明,研究区30.6%的地区属于土壤侵蚀非敏感区,55.8%的地区属于轻度和中度敏感区,13.6%的地区属于高度敏感区。土壤侵蚀敏感性高的地区主要位于相对高程150—500 m、坡度8°—15°、植被覆盖度低、土质疏松、土地利用以坡耕旱地为主的地带,这些地区是水土保持综合治理的重点区域。

Soil Erosion Sensitivity in Hubei Province Based on Spatial Principal Components Analysis

The paper made overlap analysis of soil erosion under its environment background factors including slope gradient,altitudes,vegetation,precipitation,soil type and land use,calculated the integrated index of soil erosion under the different environmental backgrounds and analyzed the relationship between soil erosion and those factors by taking Hubei Province as a studied area and using GIS technology.Based on this,it also evaluated the degree of soil erosion sensitivity under different environmental backgrounds and pointed out the characteristics of spatial distribution of soil erosion risk of the studied area by using the method of spatial principal components analysis(SPCA).The outcomes show that 30.6% of the studied area is the area of no soil erosion sensitivity,55.8% is the area of low and medium erosion sensitivity and 13.6% is the area of highly sensitive.The high soil erosion sensitivity is mostly located in 8° ～ 15° slope gradient,at altitude from 150 m to 500 m and the area where is with low vegetation cover,loose soil and taking dry slope farmland as the main.Those areas are the key area of integrated treatment of soil and water conservation.