枸杞奈实蝇幼期各虫态的形态发育特征

为探明枸杞奈实蝇Neoceratitis asiatica幼期各虫态的形态发育特性，采用田间取样和室内饲养相结合的方法对其卵、幼虫、蛹的生长发育过程、形态变化及识别特征进行系统观察，通过测量口钩和头咽骨的长度来划分幼虫龄期，解剖并观察不同发育时期蛹及蛹壳颜色，利用图像分析系统提取并分析蛹壳颜色的RGB值。结果表明：枸杞奈实蝇卵的发育可分为初期卵、口钩显现期卵和破壳期卵3个阶段。幼虫分为3个龄期，均具有1对能够自由收缩的骨化口钩及头咽骨，其形态和大小在各龄幼虫之间存在明显差异。预蛹期是从幼虫到蛹蜕变的过渡时期，蛹的形态发育呈规律性变化，可分为隐头蛹期和显头蛹期2个阶段，显头蛹期又可细分为显头蛹初期、黄色眼期、红色眼期、鬃毛蛹期及预成虫期5个阶段。蛹壳颜色随蛹的发育呈不均衡加深趋势，在预蛹期、鬃毛蛹期和预成虫期变化尤为明显。根据蛹壳颜色的RGB值，可制作对应不同发育阶段的蛹壳颜色标准比色板，用于枸杞奈实蝇的发育生物学及防治技术研究。

Morphological and developmental characteristics of preimaginal stages of lycium fruit fly Neoceratitis asiatica

In order to clarify the morphological and developmental characteristics of preimaginal stages of lycium fruit fly Neoceratitis asiatica, the growth and development, morphologic change and recognition characteristics of eggs, larvae and pupae were observed and described systematically by field sampling and laboratory rearing. The larval instars were divided by measuring the lengths of the mouth hooks and the cephalopharyngeal skeletons. The morphology of pupae at different developmental stages was observed, and the corresponding color of puparium were analyzed by digital image processing system. Then the pupae at different developmental stages were dissected, and the puparia were removed. The external morphological characteristics of pupae were observed and photographed under the stereomicroscope. The results showed that the developmental process of the eggs could be divided into the initial stage of egg, the egg stage of hook presence and the egg stage of shell split. The larva had a pair of ossified mouth hooks and cephalopharyngeal skeletons, which could contract freely. There were significant differences in the shape and size of the mouth hooks and cephalopharyngeal skeletons among different instar larvae. The larvae were divided into three instars based on the length of mouth hooks and cephalopharyngeal skeletons. Prepupal stage was a transition period from larva to pupa of N. asiatica. The pupal morphogenesis could be divided into cryptocephalic pupal stage and phanerocephalic pupal stage, and the phanerocephalic pupa stage was further divided into early phanerocephalic stage, yellow-eyed stage, red-eyed stage, bristled stage and pharate adult stage. The puparium color of N. asiatica deepened unevenly with the developmental time, and obvious changes were observed in the prepupal stage at the early stage of pupation, the bristled stage and the pharate adult stage near emergence. Based on the RGB value of the puparium color at different developmental stages, the standard colorimetry plate was prepared corresponding to the puparium color at different developmental stages, which can be used for the research of the developmental biology and control techniques of N. asiatica in the future.