三种果园中实蝇粘虫板对橘小实蝇及天敌的诱杀作用

为减少实蝇粘虫板对天敌的诱杀作用，完善实蝇粘虫板在果园的使用方法，于2018年和2019年分别在湖南省农业科学院园艺研究所橘园、桃园、梨园悬挂实蝇粘虫板，调查其诱杀的橘小实蝇、其他害虫和天敌数量。结果表明，橘园、梨园和桃园共诱杀到15个种、4个科和9个类群，包括靶标害虫橘小实蝇、其他害虫和天敌。3种果园中粘虫板诱杀的昆虫种、科或类群数量有差异，其中梨园中诱杀的昆虫总数最多，为13 653头，其次是桃园，橘园中诱杀的昆虫总数最少。在橘园、梨园和桃园中，橘小实蝇的相对丰富度分别为5.90%、23.45%和21.73%，最早出现时间均为6月；在橘园中橘小实蝇诱杀量高峰期在8月下旬至10月上旬，下半年天敌诱杀量高峰期略滞后于橘小实蝇的诱杀量高峰期，在梨园和桃园中橘小实蝇诱杀量高峰期主要集中在7月中下旬至10月中旬，橘小实蝇诱杀量高峰期与天敌诱杀量高峰期无明显相关性；3种果园中粘虫板诱杀的主要天敌有瓢虫、食蚜蝇、草蛉、寄生蜂，桃园和梨园中诱杀的草蛉较多，橘园中诱杀的瓢虫和寄生蜂较多。应用实蝇粘虫板防控橘小实蝇时，梨园和桃园应从6月上旬开始悬挂，橘园应从8月上旬开始悬挂，先少量悬挂，根据诱杀橘小实蝇数量，再逐渐增加粘虫板。

Effectiveness of sticky traps in trapping oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis and the natural enemies in three kinds of orchards

In order to reduce the influence of sticky traps on the natural enemies and optimize the application approaches of sticky traps in the orchard, the number of oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis, other pests and natural enemies on the sticky traps were investigated in 2018 and 2019, which were hung in the citrus, pear and peach orchards in the Research Institute of Horticulture, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that a total of 15 species, four families and nine class groups of insects (spiders) were trapped by sticky traps in citrus orchards, pear orchards and peach orchards, including the target pests B. dorsalis, other pests orchard and natural enemies. The numbers of species, families or class groups trapped by sticky traps were different between the three orchards, of which the total number of insects trapped in pear orchards was the largest (13 653), followed by that in peach orchards, and the least was in citrus orchards. The relative abundances of B. dorsalis in citrus, pear and peach orchards were 5.90%, 23.45% and 21.73%, respectively. The earliest appearance time was all in June. The peak periods of B. dorsalis trapped by sticky traps in citrus orchards were from late August to early October, and the peak periods of natural enemies trapped by sticky traps slightly lagged behind the peak date of B. dorsalis. The peak periods of B. dorsalis trapped by sticky traps in both pear and peach orchards were from mid-late July to mid-October, and there was no significant correlation between the peak periods of natural enemies and B. dorsalis trapped by sticky traps. The predominant natural enemies were ladybugs, syrphid flies, lacewings, parasitic wasps trapped by sticky traps in the three kinds of orchards. More lacewings were trapped in both pear and peach orchards, and more ladybugs were trapped in citrus orchards. In order to control B. dorsalis by using sticky traps, the traps should be hung in both the pear and peach orchards since early June, and in the citrus orchard, since early August.The number of sticky traps should be gradually increased according to the number of B. dorsalis.