新疆北部树花属(Ramalina Ach.)地衣生态分布与地理区系成分的初步分析

新疆北部山脉生态环境多样,是地衣植物生长分布的理想区域.根据多年的实地调查资料和前人研究资料,对新疆北部树花属(Ramalina Ach.)地衣的种类以及它们的分布区、区系成分和垂直分布进行了初步的研究.结果表明,分布在新疆北部的树花属地衣共有8种,它们分别是撕裂树花Ramalina dilacerata(Hoffm.)Hoffm.、粉树花Ramalina farinacea(L.)Ach.、岩生树花Ramalina intermedia (Del.ex Nyl.)Nyl.、裂树花Ramalina minuscule Nyl.、钝树花Ramalina obtusata(Arn.)Bitt.、粉粒树花Ramalina pollinaria(Westr.)Ach.、中国树花Ramalina sinensis Jatta、亚细长树花Ramalina subleptocarpha Rundel & Bowler等主要分布在天山和阿尔泰山.同时根据它们对环境的适应特征和选择性, 将新疆北部树花属地衣的地理分布区类型划分为如下2种:(1) 环北方种R.pollinaria,R.intermedia、 (2) 两极-大西洋种R.obtusata.研究还发现分布在阿尔泰山和天山的树花属的垂直分布有明显的差异.

Analysis of the Ecological Distribution and Its Flora Composition of the Ramalina Lichens in Northern Xinjiang

Our objective was to reveal Ramalina.lichens species distribution area,flora and its vertical distribution characteristics in Tianshan and Altay mountain,which is located in the northern Xinjiang,China.Ramalina lichens in different altitude of Tianshan and Altay mountains were collected from 1990 to 2007,and the Microcrystal test(MCT) and Thin layer chromatography(TLC) method were used to classify the Ramalina lichens species.The results shows that there are 8 species of Ramalina lichens in the northern Xinjiang.They are:Ramalina dilacerata(Hoffm.)Hoffm.,Ramalina farinacea(L.)Ach.,Ramalina intermedia(Del.ex Nyl.)Nyl.,Ramalina minuscule Nyl.,Ramalina obtusata(Arn.)Bitt.,Ramalina pollinaria(Westr.)Ach.,Ramalina sinensis Jatta,Ramalina subleptocarpha Rundel & Bowler and they are mainly distributed on Altay mountain and Tianshan mountain.At the same time,according to the Ramalina lichens adaptation characteristics and selection of environment they are divided into two geographical groups,(1) Circumpolar boreal species,R.pollinaria,R.intermedia;(2)Bipolar and Atlantic species,R.obtusata.It was found that the vertical distribution characteristics of Ramalina lichens in Altay mountain and Tianshan mountain were very different from each other.