The Knockdown Resistance (kdr) Mutation in Pyrethroid-Resistant German Cockroaches |
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| Authors: | Ke Dong Steven M. Valles Mike E. Scharf Brian Zeichner Gary W. Bennett |
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| Affiliation: | aPesticide Research Center, Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824;bUSDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, 32608;cCenter for Urban and Industrial Pest Management, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907;dUnited States Army, Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 21010 |
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| Abstract: | A point mutation in thepara-homologous sodium channel gene has been shown to be associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) in several insect species including the German cockroach. In this study, we analyzed the genomic organization of the region where thekdrmutation resides and then performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing using genomic DNA as the template to detectkdrmutation in 24 pyrethroid-resistant German cockroach strains, most of which have been collected recently from the field. Thekdrmutation, G to C at nt 2979 resulting in a leucine to phenylalanine amino acid substitution, was detected in 20 strains including 2 strains from overseas (China and Germany). Our results clearly indicate that thekdrmutation is widespread in German cockroach populations. However, the super-kdrmutation detected in super-kdrhouse flies was not found in any of the 4 strains that showed higher levels of knockdown resistance. Little correlation was observed between the presence of thekdrmutation and the level of knockdown resistance, suggesting the existence of multiple resistance mechanisms in many of these strains. |
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