青海云杉遗传变异分析及早期评价

青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom.)是中国青藏高原东北边缘的特有种,生态适应性强,应用价值广泛。为丰富我国高寒地区用材林树种资源的遗传多样性,遵循供种区与引种区环境条件相似之原则,根据引种区土壤、植被分布、地形地貌及地理位置等主要环境条件,兼顾全年明显干湿季节交替的自然气候,确定与之相适应的青藏高原为供种区。以青海云杉为引种对象,在引种驯化的基础上,综合分析与评价子代的遗传变异、早期生长表现和生态适应性。结果表明,青海云杉苗期生长趋势与乡土树种红皮云杉基本一致,能较快地适应新的生态环境。但是,生长性状存在一定的变异,其中:苗高性状变异较小,地径性状变异较大,平均变异系数分别为18.30%和27.23%。结合生态适应性和生长势,确定PcⅠ-08、PcⅠ-04、PcⅠ-11和PcⅠ-07等4家系为优良个体,具有广泛的引种栽培价值。

Analysis on Genetic variation and Early Evaluation for Picea Crassifolia

Picea Crassifolia is the endemic species from the northeast edge of the Tibetan Plateau, which has strong adaptability and widely application value. In order to enrich the resources of wood species in the cold area, Tibetan Plateau was confirmed as the suitable original area according to the environmental situations of introduction area such as soil, vegetation distribution, local climate, landform and geographical position etc. Picea Crassifolia was employed to analyze and evaluate the genetic variation rhythm, the early growth trails, and the ecological adaptability. The results showed that the growth trend of Picea Crassifolia are in accordance with Picea koraiensis Nakai during the period of seedling cultivation, and it can adapt to the new ecological environment. The coefficient of variance of seedling height （18.30%） was small, but its seedling diameter （12.62%） was larger among families. Pc1-0B、Pc1-04、Pc1-11 and Pc1-07 were four kinds of the best superior individuals by synthetic analyzing the ecological adaptation and the growth vigor, and possess extensive introduction and cultivation value.