Development of triploid hybrids in asparagus breeding employing a tetraploid landrace |
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Authors: | R Moreno J A Espejo J Gil |
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Institution: | 1.Area de Mejora y Biotecnología, IFAPA-CICE,Cordoba,Spain;2.Consejo Regulador IGP del Espárrago de Huétor Tájar,Huetor Tajar, Granada,Spain;3.Dpto Genetica, ETSIAM,Universidad de Córdoba,Cordoba,Spain |
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Abstract: | The development of triploid cultivars from crosses between the tetraploid landrace ‘Morado de Huetor’ and diploid commercial
cultivars was studied in this work. Fertility of both 4x × 2x and 2x × 4x crosses, as measured by fruit set and number of
seeds per fruit, and germination rate of triploid seeds, were studied in order to assess the viability of producing commercial
seeds. Seven triploid hybrid progenies were included in a progeny test together with thirteen experimental tetraploid hybrids
and four cultivars (‘Grande’, ‘UC157-F2’, ‘Purple Passion’ and ‘Morado de Huetor’). Marketable spear production and mean diameter
of spears were evaluated in both 2007 and 2008. Crosses 4x × 2x were more successful than 2x × 4x, and a wide variation from
high to very low fertility within tetraploid females was found. Germination rate of triploid seeds was similar to diploid
ones. After 2 years of evaluation experimental hybrid triploids were more productive than tetraploids with values similar
to the highest yielding diploid cultivar (‘Grande’). Spear diameter of triploid hybrids was in general thicker than the tetraploid
hybrids and significantly thinner than the standard cultivars ‘Grande’ and ‘Purple Passion’ (tertraploid). These results suggest
that the development of new triploid cultivars (4x × 2x) employing a tetraploid landrace from a different genetic background
of current diplods could be interesting in asparagus breeding, broadening the spectrum of cultivated asparagus cultivars. |
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