Psittacine reintroductions: Common denominators of success |
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Authors: | Thomas H White Nigel J Collar Ron J Moorhouse Virginia Sanz Eric D Stolen Donald J Brightsmith |
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Institution: | 1. United States Fish & Wildlife Service, Puerto Rican Parrot Recovery Program, P.O. Box 1600, Rio Grande, PR 00745, USA;2. BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK;3. Kakapo Programme, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 5, Nelson, New Zealand;4. Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado Postal 21827, Caracas, Venezuela;5. Ecological Programs, Mail Code IHA-300, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA;6. Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TAMU 4467, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA |
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Abstract: | With 28% of the 350 species of parrots considered threatened, numerous conservation efforts have been initiated for these species. Among these, the restoration or establishment of new populations has increasingly relied on reintroductions as a conservation strategy, often with mixed or uncertain results. We reviewed the results and methodologies of 47 distinct releases and reintroductions of psittacines in nine different countries worldwide over the past 25 years to identify common denominators of successful efforts. To do so, we established a uniform and objective definition of reintroduction success (first-year survival >0.50 and released birds breeding with conspecifics, either captive-reared or wild), and applied generalized linear models and information-theoretic model selection to multiple datasets to identify important predictor variables. We identified several likely predictors of successful psittacine reintroductions, relating to predation mitigation, habitat quality, and post-release supplementation that may provide guidance for future efforts. We also advocate SWOT analysis for objectively evaluating the suitability of potential reintroduction sites. |
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