温室采摘机器人技术研究进展分析

采摘是温室作物生产中劳动力耗费最大且最难以实现机械化作业的关键环节,近几十年来采摘机器人技术得到了迅速发展,特别是日本以番茄、草莓等主要作物为对象的机器人采摘研究得到了持续和深入的开展。这些年中国温室的采摘机器人技术发展迅猛,已成为全球研发最为活跃的国家。本文按作物品种对日本、中国、欧盟、韩国等的温室采摘机器人技术研究的发展进程进行分析,梳理出了全球该领域的主要研发主体、技术特征、发展水平和演进脉络。在此基础上总结了温室采摘机器人技术发展的复杂非结构环境的适应能力、复杂机器人系统的融合能力两大技术关键,认为环境工厂化、结构标准化、多机共融化和人机共融化将成为其发展的未来趋势。

Research Progress Analysis of Robotic Harvesting Technologies in Greenhouse

As harvesting operation is with the most labor cost, however, the most difficult to realize mechanized work in greenhouse crop production, robotic harvesting technology has been developing rapidly in recent decades. Especially, research on robotic harvesting technology for main crops such as tomatoes, strawberries has been conducted continuously and deeply in Japan. Since the beginning of the new century, research in China in this field has become the most active. Development process of research on robotic harvesting technology for different greenhouse crops in Japan, China, the European Union, South Korea and so on were analyzed, and global main research units and specialists, key technical characteristics, level of development and course of evolution in this field were summarized. In conclusion, the flexibility to complex non-structural environment and deep integration of complex robot system were regarded as two keys to stimulate the development of greenhouse picking robot technology. Finally, it was believed that operation environment factorization, robot configuration standardization, multi-robot cooperation and man-robot collaboration would become the development trend in future, thereby to accelerate the development of robotic harvesting technology and its application in greenhouse industry.