典型平原采煤塌陷区景观格局时空动态变化特征及驱动力分析——以淮北市临涣矿为例

为了给淮北市临涣矿区的矿产资源开发、土地资源可持续利用和采煤塌陷区的生态环境修复与重建提供参考.采用临涣矿塌陷区2004年的IKONOS影像和2014年的WorldView-3影像,结合eCongnition分类技术和景观指数分析方法,研究景观格局时空动态变化,并对其驱动力进行了分析.结果表明,2004-2014年临涣矿塌陷区不同景观类型间的转化主要表现为耕地面积净减少43.7％,其中约有236 hm2的耕地转化为塌陷区、126hm2耕地用于堆放粉煤灰与煤矸石和359 hm2耕地转化为工业用地与居民区等;塌陷区的面积由2004年的96 hm2变成2014年的443 hm2,大幅增加了246.6％.该矿区景观格局时空动态变化的主要驱动力因子是煤矿开发、农业发展和生态治理政策.这些驱动因子互相影响、互相制约,共同影响矿区景观格局的动态变化.

Analysis of the landscape pattern and driving force of the spatio-temporal dynamic change in a typical plain coal mining subsidence area: A case study of Linhuan mining area

This study aimed at providing a reference for the exploitation of mineral resources, sustainable utilization of land resource and restoration and reconstruction of the ecological environment in a coal mining subsidence area. The dynamic change of the landscape spatial pattern and its driving mechanism in Linhuan mining area in Huaibei City, Anhui Province was analyzed by adopting IKONOS image in 2004 and WorldView-3 image in 2014, based on eCongnition classification technology and landscape index analysis method. The results showed that the transitions between different landscape types of the mine subsidence area from 2004 to 2014 were mainly farmland, reduced by 43.7% and of which 236 hm² farmland was converted to a subsidence area, 126 hm² farmland was used for piling up coal ash and gangue, and 359 hm² farmland was transformed into industrial land and residential areas. Simultaneously, the subsidence area was increased by 246.6% from 96 hm² in 2004 to 443 hm² in 2014. The main driving factors for the dynamic changes of the landscape spatial pattern in this mining area were coal mine exploitation, agricultural development and ecological management policy. These driving factors interacted and restricted each other and they jointly affected the dynamic change of the landscape pattern in the mining area.