A Report on Field Trials with 3: 5-Dinitro-O-Cresol and its Sodium Salt for Winter Spraying.

Summary

Uniformly green mature `Kensington Pride' mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) were ripened at ®ve temperatures (158C, 208C, 25, 30 or 358C) with 60% r.h. to investigate the effects of ripening temperature on the ripening process and biosynthesis of aroma volatile compounds. The aroma volatile compounds were extracted by headspace solid phase micro-extraction and analysed using a gas chromatograph (GC) ®tted with a ¯ame ionization detector (FID) and recon®rmed by GC-MS (mass spectrometry). An increase in the temperature signi®cantly increased the rate of respiration and total carotenoids in pulp. Increased ripening temperature up to 308C also increased ethylene production in fruit and total fatty acids in pulp. All the fatty acids in pulp increased as the ripening temperature increased during ripening except palmitic, palmitoleic and linolenic acids. However, pulp of the fruit ripened at 258C exhibited signi®cantly higher concentrations of individual fatty acids, except stearic and linoleic acids. Fruit ripened at 208C exhibited signi®cantly higher total monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes as well as most of their individual compounds as compared with all other ripening temperatures. Increased ripening temperature resulted in signi®cantly higher concentrations of tetradecane, b-ionone, esters and alcohols. On the other hand increased ripening temperature tended to decrease aromatics and aldehydes except carvacrol, p-cymen-8-ol and hexanal. There were signi®cant positive correlations between fatty acids and sesquiterpenes, alcohols and esters especially on day seven of ripening. A signi®cant positive correlation between carotenoids and norisoprenoids was also recorded. A ripening temperature of 208C seems to be the best for ripening and biosynthesis of aroma volatile compounds in the `Kensington Pride' mango.