重庆市北碚区土地利用转型及生态环境效应

以重庆市北碚区为例，利用2009年、2013年、2017年3期土地利用现状数据，基于土地利用主导功能视角，建立了“生态—生活—生产”（三生）分类体系，运用ArcGIS和社会网络分析软件Ucinet，通过土地利用转移矩阵、土地利用重心模型及土地利用转型生态环境响应模型，对该区土地利用转型及其生态环境质量进行了研究。结果表明:（1）2009—2017年，北碚区土地利用功能结构转型明显，生产用地面积减少，而生态、生活用地面积增加。（2）2009—2017年，除服务以及其他生产用地、工矿生产用地的重心向南偏移外，其余各功能用地重心均向北偏移。农业生产用地分布较为均衡，生活用地空间分布的不均衡性有所缓和，而生态用地分布的不均衡性进一步加剧，工矿生产用地、服务以及其他生产用地分布的不均衡性先加剧后有所缓和。（3）2009—2017年，北碚区土地利用生态环境质量维持稳定，生态恶化趋势略大于生态改善趋势，农业生产用地被占用是该区生态环境质量恶化的主要原因。

Land Use Transformation and Its Eco-environmental Effects in Beibei District,Chongqing

According to land use classification bases on leading function, we took Beibei as a case study and used land use change data of 2009, 2013 and 2017 to analyze the land use transformation and its eco- environmental impacts. The methods included land use transfer matrix, gravity center model and sociological network analysis software. The results show that: (1) from 2009 to 2017, land use transformation in Beibei was chiefly manifested as the area decrease of productive land and increase of ecological and living land; (2) from 2009 to 2017, the gravity core of service land and mining productive land had been kept on transferring to the south, but the land use of other function was all transferring to the north; the distribution of agricultural productive land was more balanced, the imbalance of ecological land space was further sharpened while that of living land was weakened, and the imbalance of spatial distribution of service land and mining productive land were intensified at the beginning and then slowed down; (3) from 2009 to 2017, the eco-environment quality of Beibei remained stable and the trend of ecological deterioration was slightly greater than that of ecological improvement; the critical factor of eco-environmental degradation was the occupation of agricultural productive land.