养殖水体中二种溶解态铜对凡纳滨对虾生长和免疫功能的影响

以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为研究对象,采用慢性富集方式,测定了56 d内不同浓度梯度、不同溶解态下的铜对凡纳滨对虾体内不同器官组织所含免疫活性物质影响。实验分为5组,分别为无铜添加的对照组;两组分别使用0. 15 m~2铜板/m3和0. 30 m~2铜板/m~3的LC6911型耐腐蚀合金铜作为络合C铜源;另外两组定量添加与络合铜组释放铜量匹配的CuSO_4·5H_2O。结果表明:(1)在无养殖生物的水体中,实验用LC6911型耐腐蚀合金铜平铺2 m~3玻璃钢桶底,铜板在海水中48 h释放总铜与铜板面积呈正比关系。(2)络合铜实验组在两种浓度梯度下均能使铜蓝蛋白(CP)、还原态酚氧化酶(POX)和金属硫蛋白(MT)活性提升,且实验结束时显著高于对照组(P 0. 05)。(3)虾血淋巴中溶菌酶活性在2种不同溶解态铜的实验组中,实验结束时均表现出与对照组呈显著性差异(P 0. 05),两种不同溶解态铜之间以及不同水平之间都没有达到显著性差异。在鳃组织中络合铜实验组的溶菌酶活性与对照组之间均无显著性差异(P 0. 05),而Cu~(2+)组的溶菌酶活性出现显著下降(P 0. 05)。(4)长期养殖生长数据表明,在实验结束时各实验组与对照组之间生长效果并不显著。养殖水体使用络合铜对凡纳滨对虾免疫活性及生长效果的提升较Cu~(2+)更为突出,用量低于0. 3 m~2铜板/m3长期使用不会对凡纳滨对虾免疫系统造成损伤。

Effects of two kinds of dissolved copper on growth and immune function of Litopenaeus vannamei

Litopenaeus vannamei was used as main experiment object. Chronic enrichment was used to determine the effect of copper in different concentrations or dissolved forms during 56 days on immune active substances in Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiments were divided into five groups:one control group without Cu addition, two groups of different dosage of complexing Cu group and Cu addition group with which matched the complex Cu group released Cu. The LC6911 type corrosion-resistant alloy Cu was used as a complex Cu source, using 0.15 m² copper plate/m³ and 0.3 m² copper plate/m³ respectively, and the other two groups added matched amount CuSO₄·5H₂O as Cu²⁺ source. The following conclusions were drawn:(1) In the water of non-cultured, the experiments used LC6911 type corrosion-resistant alloy Cu tiled with 2 m³ aquarium barrel bottom. The total Cu released by copper plate was directly proportional to those area. (2) Immune proteins CP, POX,MT activities improved under two concentration gradients in experimental group, which was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). (3) The enzyme activity of LZM in shrimp hemolymph was found in the experimental group of two different dissolved states. The results showed significant differences among control group and others at the end of the experiment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two types of dissolved Cu and the different additive levels. And there was no significant difference in the LZM activity between the experimental group and the control group in gill tissue either (P>0.05). But the activity of LZM in Cu²⁺ group decreased significantly (P<0.05).(4)The long-term growth data showed that the growth effect of the experimental groups was not significantly better than that of control group, and the growth effect of the 0.15 m²Cu-plate/M3 group was the best. The enhancement of the immune activity and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei by complexing Cu in water is more prominent than Cu²⁺, meanwhile, using 0.3 m² copper plate/m³ in seawater has lower long-term toxicity effects on Litopenaeus vannamei''s immune system.