基于数字图像测量技术的豆粕剪切变形特性

为了研究豆粕在剪切过程中的变形特性,利用基于数字图像测量技术的三轴仪,开展了豆粕三轴剪切试验。考虑了围压(25~100 kPa)、孔隙率(44.8%~50.9%)及颗粒破碎对豆粕强度及变形的影响,分析豆粕的不同变形发展阶段,并提出对应的应力应变模型,获得相关的强度和变形参数。试验结果表明,豆粕试样的应力应变曲线为软化型,随着围压增大,其强度软化性增大,剪胀性却逐渐减小。相同围压下,随着试样孔隙率减小,豆粕的峰值强度逐渐增大,剪胀角也逐渐增大,剪胀性表现越明显。不同破碎程度的豆粕颗粒分析结果对比发现,破碎后的豆粕峰值剪切强度增大,体变呈完全剪缩,围压越大剪缩现象越明显,这表明颗粒破碎对强度和变形影响很大,且围压对颗粒破碎的影响比孔隙率对颗粒破碎的影响大。最后,基于局部变形结果分析,将豆粕的应力应变曲线划分为3个阶段,即破坏前、破坏和残余阶段,提出了不同阶段对应的应力应变模型,获得了其强度和变形参数,得到破坏比为0.701 6。通过研究豆粕的剪切变形特性试验结果,获得了豆粕的强度、变形规律及其本构模型,可为粮仓结构的安全设计、优化分析及粮仓储粮等进一步数值仿真建模提供基础参考数据。

Analysis of triaxial shear characteristics of soybean meal based on digital image measurement technology

Soybean meal is one of the common food raw materials in the world. During storage, sliding or shear failure occurs between particles, which involves the influences of lateral pressure, wall friction and interference between the silo wall. It may lead to the instability, or even damage of the soil structure. An improved triaxial apparatus was studied, especially for the grain materials. The deformation of the whole and local surfaces can be directly measured by the specified image measuring system.