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播种机组纯作业时间利用率与地块条件的匹配模型与试验
引用本文:乔金友,邵光辉,李荣,陈海涛,王文富,李文华,朱胜杰,刘腾. 播种机组纯作业时间利用率与地块条件的匹配模型与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(5): 19-28
作者姓名:乔金友  邵光辉  李荣  陈海涛  王文富  李文华  朱胜杰  刘腾
作者单位:东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨 150030;黑龙江龙门农场,北安 164000;黑龙江省农业科学院,哈尔滨 150086
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300505-6);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303011);国家大豆产业技术体系岗位科学家"十三五"任务(CARS-04-PS24)
摘    要:机械化播种作业是现代农业生产的重要环节,纯作业时间利用率是衡量播种机组作业效率的重要指标。该研究依据农业机组运行机理,在调查研究的基础上,提出季节时间利用率概念,确定了播种机组的作业时间构成,建立了播种机组纯作业时间、转弯时间、加种肥时间的计算模型和3种加肥方式下的播种机组纯作业时间利用率计算模型,明确各参数随地块面积、地块长度等条件变化的一般规律;以此为基础,在机组正常作业状态下,采用定距离多点多设备同步跟踪测的试验方法获取4种典型播种机组各类作业时间数据,并运用3σ原理剔除无效数据;依据所建模型及有效试验数据,采用Matlab 2012b对4种播种机组的纯作业时间利用率随地块条件变化规律进行模拟仿真,并采用Sigmaplot 12.5软件直观表达试验结果;进而探索了播种机组纯作业时间利用率随地块条件化的原因,确定了目标时间利用率条件下不同播种机组与其所适宜的作业地块面积和地块长度的定量关系:播种机组纯作业时间利用率大于0.6时,约翰迪尔7830机组适合作业地块面积大于等于6 hm^2、地块长度为1 200~1 400 m;维美德171机组适宜作业地块面积大于等于6 hm^2、地块长度为1 000~1 200 m;常发504机组适合作业的地块面积大于等于1 hm^2、地块长度为500~1 500 m;黄海254机组适合作业的地块面积大于等于0.3 hm^2、地块长度200~1 500 m。研究成果可为不同地块条件的播种机组选型提供定量依据。

关 键 词:机械化  模型  播种机组  纯作业时间利用率  地块条件  加种肥方式
收稿时间:2019-11-11
修稿时间:2020-02-10

Matching model and experiment of net working time utilization rate of seeder unit with plot length and area
Qiao Jinyou,Shao Guanghui,Li Rong,Chen Haitao,Wang Wenfu,Li Wenhu,Zhu Shengjie and Liu teng. Matching model and experiment of net working time utilization rate of seeder unit with plot length and area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(5): 19-28
Authors:Qiao Jinyou  Shao Guanghui  Li Rong  Chen Haitao  Wang Wenfu  Li Wenhu  Zhu Shengjie  Liu teng
Affiliation:1. College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;,1. College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;,1. College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;,1. College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;,2. Heilongjiang Longmen Farm, Beian 164000, China;,3. Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;,1. College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; and 1. College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
Abstract:The mechanized seeding operation is an important part in modern agricultural production, and the net operating time utilization rate of the seeder is an important indicator to impact the efficiency of seeder unit. According to machinery unit application principle, the new term of seasonal net time utilization rate was determined in this paper, each consumed time items of seeder unit was distinguished and relevant mathematic models were established based on mechanized seeding practice and sufficient survey, such as net operating time, turning time and time of adding fertilizer and seeds and so on. Based on this, three mathematical models of net operating time utilization rate of seeding machinery units were established according to different adding fertilizer and seed ways. The experiment scheme was designed, which uses the method of multi-point synchronous tracking measurement to test the time items in the seeding process without disturbing the normal seeding process. Data of each time items of 4 typical seeding machinery units were obtained during the experiments. The statistic principle of was used to distinguish and eliminate invalid experiment data. Based on the models established and effective tested data, Matlab 2012b was used to analysis the net operating time utilization rate of the 4 seeding machinery units changing with plot length and area under 3 different ways to add fertilizer and seed, the test results were expressed using Sigmaplot 12.5 software, and th quantitative correspondence between the different typical seeding machinery units and suitable operating plot area and length under the aimed net operating time utilization rate were determined. The results showed that when the aimed net operating time utilization rate of seeding machinery units is greater than 0.6, the John Deere 7 830 unit is suitable for the plots with areas larger than 5 hm2 and the plot length is 1 200-1 400 m. The Valtra 171 unit is suitable for the plots with area larger than 5 hm2 and the plot length is 1 000-1 200 m. The suitable plots for Changfa 504 unit are that area is more than 1 hm2 and the plot length is 500-1 500 m. The plots with area greater than 0.3 hm2 and the plot length is 200-1 500 m are suitable for Huanghai 254 unit. The results can provide scientific accordance to select seeding machinery units for different plots.
Keywords:mechanization   models   seeder unit   net operating time utilization rate   plot conditions   adding ways of fertilizer and seed
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