小麦新型化学杂交剂的筛选

为拓展小麦化控两系途径的药剂种类，降低化学杂交剂(CHA)成本，利用西农1376检验15种化学药剂、4个浓度、3个施用时期(小麦不同发育时期)的诱导不育效果, 并对花药败育的机制进行了研究。结果表明，各处理诱导小麦花粉败育效果差异较大，Feek’s 7.5和9.5时期，15种药剂各浓度处理诱导植株营养生长发育异常或花粉败育不明显；Feek’s 8.5时期，T6药剂0.24 kg hm^-2诱导雄性不育率为93.33%，植株表型及雌蕊发育正常，对其饱和授粉，能获得杂交种子，且饱和授粉结实率较高。石蜡切片观察该处理诱导雄性不育花药的绒毡层细胞降解过程异常，自单核早期绒毡层细胞核明显降解，单核中后期花粉内核也开始降解，直至三核期，绒毡层细胞及花粉内核及营养物质基本消失，仅剩少量花粉壁残留，最终导致花粉败育。因此认为，T6诱导的小麦生理型雄性不育与绒毡层的异常降解直接相关。

Screening of a New Chemical Hybridizing Agent in Wheat

To expand varieties of chemical hybridization agent and reduce their cost, We selected 15 varieties of chemical hybridization agent for treating wheat cultivar Xi’nong 1376 at three growth stages with four concentrations to survey the infertile effect, phytotoxicity and pollen abortion mechanism. The results showed that there were significant differences among the chemical hybridization agent treatments. At stages Feek’s 7.5 and Feek’s 9.5, abnormal vegetative growth or pollens abortion were not obvious. While at the stage of Feek’s 8.5, the rate of male sterility of Xinong 1376 was 93.33% in 0.24 kg ha^-1 T6 treatment, and the pistil and the plant showed normal development, we also achieved a high seed setting rate via crossing the male sterile plants with normal fertile lines by saturate pollination. Paraffin sections indicated that the degradable process of tapetum cells in the male sterile anther treated by T6-C was abnormal. The nucleus of tapetum cells degraded at uninucleate early stage, and then pollen nucleus degraded at uninucleate late stage. Tapetum cells, nucleus of pollen and nutrients were almost disappeared till trinucleate stage. Finally, a little residue of pollen wall left and pollen aborted. Therefore, we hypothesize that the male sterility induced by T6 could be related to the degradation of tapetum cells in anther.