人工湿地-池塘复合养殖系统中浮游藻类生态特征

采用放养了斑点叉尾鮰苗种和少量白鲢的人工湿地-池塘复合养殖系统研究各养殖塘浮游藻类的生态特征,并通过对不同密度养殖塘的比较探讨人工湿地对鱼塘中浮游藻类生态结构的调节作用.结果表明,塘中共鉴定出浮游藻类7门63属142种,其中绿藻门34属60种,硅藻和蓝藻分别有10属34种、10属30种,裸、隐、甲、金藻门种类较少,共9属18种.各养殖塘优势种类主要为四尾栅藻（Scenedesmus quadricauda）、衣藻（Chlamydomonas sp.）、二角盘星藻（Pediastrum duplex）、小环藻（Cyclotella sp.）、尖针杆藻（Synedra acus）、颗粒直链藻（Melosira granulate）等.随着斑点叉尾鮰鱼苗养殖密度的增加,浮游藻类数量、生物量呈现增加的趋势,但各塘内浮游藻类种类多样性差异不显著.人工湿地与养殖池塘的联合对养殖水体的浮游藻类有较好的调控作用,整个实验期间各塘内浮游藻类种类、数量、生物量无显著变化,即使在养殖密度最高的四号塘也没发生蓝藻水华,并保持着相对稳定的群落结构.

Ecological Characteristics of Phytoplankton in a Constructed Wetland-Pond Integrated Aquaculture System

The ecological characteristics of phytoplankton in a constructed wetland-pond integrated aquaculture system for Ictalurus punctatus fry and Silver Carp culturing was studied, and the effects of a constructed wetland on controlling algae structure in the culture pond by comparing the algae community structure in each pond were discussed. Four culture ponds combined with the integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCW) composed the studying system, and algae changes in each pond were investigated. There were 63 genera 142 species of phytoplankton in culture ponds, of which 34 genera 60 species belonged to Chlorophyta, 10 genera 34 species to Bacillariophyta, 10 genera 30 species to Cyanophyta, other 9 genera 18 species to Cryptophyta, Euglenophyta, Pyrrophyta and Chrysophyta. Its community was dominated by Scenedesmus quadricauda, Chlamydomonas sp., Pediastrum duplex,Cyclotella sp., Synedra acus and Melosira granulate, etc. The phytoplankton density and biomass in the pond went up with the culture density of Ictalurus punctatus fry increasing. During the whole experiment stage, the phytoplankton species diversity in each pond showed no significant differences, the algae density and biomass did not change evidently, and no cyanophyta bloom erupted even in the high-density culture pond, which indicated the feasibilities of using constructed wetland for aquaculture wastewater recirculating.