梨43个品种花粉生活力及4种测定方法的比较

用花粉离体培养法测定比较了43个梨品种花粉离体萌发率和花粉管生长长度;从中选择花粉相对生活力低、中、高3组6个品种(今村秋和雪花梨、金二十世纪和丰水、青松和满天红)的花粉,采用I-KI染色法、蓝墨水染色法、MTT染色法、过氧化物酶染色法4种花粉生活力测定方法,以花粉离体萌发法为对照。结果表明,花粉培养24h后,43个梨品种的花粉萌发率平均为66.15%,其中花粉萌发率≥60%的品种约占84%,满天红萌发率最高为82.79%;花粉管长度平均为1.77mm,花粉管长度≥1mm的品种约占89%,其中奥萨二十世纪最长为3.25mm,说明多数梨品种花粉生活力较强。与对照相比,4种花粉生活力测定方法中I-KI染色法的测定值极显著偏低,MTT(噻唑蓝)染色法的测定值显著偏高,二者不适于梨花粉生活力的测定;过氧化物酶染色法测定值与对照差异显著,也不适宜用来测定梨花粉生活力;蓝墨水染色法测定值与对照没有显著性差异,可用于梨花粉生活力的快速测定。

Pollen viability of 43 pear cultivars and comparison of testing methods

Determination on pollen germination rate and the length of pollen tube of 43 pear cultivars were carried out by testing method of pollens cultured in vitro. Imamuraaki and Xuehuali , Gold-nijisseiki and Hosui , Qingsong and Mantianhong were chosen as experimental materials for determining their different pollen viability. Comparison of four testing methods, including I-KI coloration, blue-ink coloration, MTT coloration, peroxide enzyme coloration, were used. After 24h cultured, the average germination rate of 43 pear cultivars was 66.15%; among them 84% of the cultivars'germination rate was higher than 60% and the rate Mantianhong cultivar even reached 82.79%. The pollen tube length averaged 1.77 mm, which in 89% pear cultivars reached only 1 mm and the longest reached 3.25 mm. Results indicated that pollens in most cultivars were viable. Comparing the testing method of pollens cultured in vitro, the coloration results of living pollen showed that the statistic data from I-KI coloration was extremely lower, while that from MTT coloration was remarkably higher. So these methods are not suitable to be used for testing the pear pollen viability. The statistic data from peroxide enzyme coloration showed the pollen viability of Gold-Nijisseiki had high difference with that of control, so it is also not suitable to be used for testing the pollen viability of pears. Blue-ink coloration differed little from the germination rate testing method. So it is believed this method may be the better one for testing pear pollen viability.