New method to detect oxolinic acid-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Burkholderia glumae</Emphasis> infesting rice seeds using a mismatch amplification mutation assay polymerase chain reaction

Bacterial seedling rot and grain rot of rice caused by Burkholderia glumae are seed-borne diseases, traditionally controlled with oxolinic acid (OA). Ser83Arg and Ser83Ile substitutions in GyrA protein are commonly responsible for moderate and high resistance to OA, respectively, in field isolates of B. glumae. To detect OA-resistant B. glumae infesting rice seeds, a mismatch amplification mutation assay polymerase chain reaction protocol was developed using DNA from bacteria incubated in modified S-PG medium and primers based on the amino acid substitutions at position 83 in GyrA.