华北农牧交错带畜牧业外部经济效应解析

针对华北农牧交错带畜牧业现状与问题,选择代表性村庄,采用生产调查方法,对区域畜牧业外部经济效应进行了解析。结果表明,华北农牧交错区畜牧业是转化农业副产品、无偿利用草场、以残屑食物链增值和环境外部效益支撑的“数量”型畜牧业。通过降低日粮标准的“七成饱”饲养方式增加了近四成的载畜规模。畜牧业外部性表现为草地过牧、农田过收,草地是外部不经济性的主要承担者。放牧条件下以青玉米为代表的人工饲草投入,更大程度上加剧草地超载。低效畜牧业的扩张是建立在经济负外部性基础之上。依据畜牧业表象提出将区域畜牧业发展为第一产业主导产业是不切实际的。通过建立生态补偿机制、发展高效替代产业的途径解决区域畜牧业外部性问题值得探讨。

Analysis of the external economic effects of animal husbandry in the agro-pastoral transition zone of North China

Representative villages of the practice and problems of animal husbandry in the agro-pastoral transitional zone of North China,were selected and the external economic effects of their animal husbandry were determined by surveys and analysed.The existing animal husbandry in the area was based on quantity and the agricultural industry was characterized as a residue-foodchain,value-added that externalized environmental costs by utilizing agricultural byproducts and freely grazing public grassland.Livestock num...