孟津黄河滩区降雨产流及面源污染特征研究

通过对2006~2007年孟津段黄河滩区降雨及其产流特征的研究,探讨了滩区农业开发模式对地表径流及其面源污染产生的影响。研究表明:在3种降雨类型中,均匀分布型降雨产生径流的可能性最大。降雨侵蚀力(R)是影响径流量的重要因素,对于侵蚀力小的降雨,地表植被类型的差异对径流产生量的影响不大;而当R>19.00(耕地)、R>33.00(林地)时会产生超强径流,地表植被类型的差异对径流产生量有显著影响。滩区开发成农耕旱地后,径流中年颗粒物、有机物、总氮和总磷产生量分别为:45.0,0.904,0.443,0.050 kg/hm2,约是经济林的2倍。

Study on Characteristics of Runoff and Non-point Source Pollution in Mengjin Floodplain of Yellow River

Non-point source pollution which was caused by the agricultural exploitation activities in riparian floodplain has more distinct and more direct effects on the water quality of rivers than that in other places.In this paper,the characteristics of rainfall and runoff in Mengjin floodplain of Yellow River from 2006 to 2007 were studied.The agricultural exploitation types on the impact of the runoff and pollution were discussed.The results show that the uniform rainfall generates runoff the most likely in three rainfall types.Rainfall erosivity(R) is an important factor of the amount of runoff.When R is lower,different types of vegetation have little impact on the amount of runoff.However,under the condition of R>19.00(dryland farming) and R>33.00(plantation),the types of vegetation have great influence.When the floodplain was developed into the dryland farming,about 45.0 kg/hm2 of particulate matter,0.904 kg/hm2 of organic matter,0.443 kg/hm2 of nitrogen,0.050 kg/hm2 of phosphorus can be produced,which are double compared to those of the floodplain being developed into the plantation.