渭北旱塬小麦高效施肥的产量及水分效应

为给旱地小麦资源高效利用提供依据,通过不同养分配置及相应集成栽培技术处理,研究了旱作条件下小麦高效施肥的产量和水分利用效应。结果表明,在高量施肥水平基础上氮肥减少75 kg.hm-2的情况下,小麦产量增加569.85 kg.hm-2,增产幅度达8.1%;高量减氮施肥处理比农民习惯施肥处理（CK）增产11.3%,其增产幅度比高量施肥处理高8.4个百分点;高量减氮处理养分效益为4.25元.kg-1,比CK提高250.3%;肥料对产量的贡献率为12.3%,比CK高9.9个百分点;水分利用效率达到19.8 kg.mm-1.hm-2,比CK提高16.5%。旱地在目前氮磷肥投入水平基础上增施钾肥,单位有效养分经济产量、生物产量和收益分别增加10.0%、30.6%和8.2%,说明增施钾肥是促进旱地小麦肥料有效利用和增产的有效途径之一。

Effect of High efficient Fertilization on Wheat Yield and WUE in Weibei Dryland

This study was to study the effects on wheat yield and WUE of high efficient fertilization by different nutrient configuration and the corresponding integrated cultivation technology in Weibei dryland. The results showed that the wheat yield increased by 569.85 kg·hm^-2 with the increased range of 8.1% by reducing 75 kg·hm^-2 N than that with high rate of fertilization. The yield of high efficient fertilization and lower N increased by 11.3% than that of the farm rate of fertilization (CK) and increased 8.4 % than that of high rate of fertilization, the income of high efficient fertilization and lower N is 4.25 yuan/kg and increased by 250.3% than CK. The contribution rate of fertilizer of high effcient fertilization and lower N was 12.3% and 9.9% higher than CK, the WUE was 19.8 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2 and 16.5%higher than CK. The yield of effective nutrient per unit increased by 10.0%, biomass production increased by 30.6% and income increased by 8.2% than CK while increasing the use of K fertilizer. Increasing K fertilizater was one of the effective ways to improve fertilizer efficiency and yield of wheat grown in dryland.