寒冷刺激对家兔血常规、血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响

为研究寒冷刺激对家兔血常规、血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响，选取5只成年健康雌性家兔，置于0℃环境中进行冷刺激，分别于冷刺激处理0、1、3、6和12 h以及恢复到室温后12 h和24 h的体温、血细胞、血清生化、抗氧化及免疫指标。结果显示：在冷刺激过程中，家兔在恢复12 h的体温与冷刺激前相比显著升高（P < 0.05）；其中红细胞（RBC）、红细胞压积（HCT）和血红蛋白（HGB）在冷刺激1 h和恢复24 h相比显著升高（P < 0.05），淋巴细胞（Lymp）、中性粒细胞（Gran）、在冷刺激6 h与恢复24 h相比显著降低（P<0.05）；与冷刺激前相比，冷刺激12 h后谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、血尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（CRE）、血糖（GLU）、肌酸激酶（CK）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平显著升高（P < 0.05）；与冷刺激前相比，冷刺激3 h超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）水平显著升高（P < 0.05）；冷刺激6 h可致免疫球蛋白G（IgG）水平出现显著降低（P < 0.05），整个过程中免疫球蛋白M（IgM）未见显著变化（P＞0.05）；恢复24 h后，除ALT、CK外其余各项指标均恢复正常。结果表明，寒冷刺激能够造成家兔部分血常规、血清生化、抗氧化及免疫指标显著变化，损害组织器官，降低免疫力，在恢复24 h后大部分指标能回到刺激前水平。因此，在养殖中应加强家兔的防寒保暖工作，避免持续的寒冷刺激，以保证机体健康，提高生产效率。

Effects of cold stimulation on blood routine, serum biochemical indexes and immune function of rabbits

To study the effects of cold stimulation on blood routine, serum biochemical indices and immune function in rabbits, five adult healthy female rabbits were subjected to cold stimulation at 0 °C. The body temperature, blood cells, serum biochemical, antioxidant and immune parameters were measured at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 h of cold stimulation treatment and 12 and 24 h after returning to room temperature. The results showed that the body temperature of rabbits at 12 h of recovery during cold stimulation was significantly higher compared with that before cold stimulation (P < 0.05). Among them, red blood cells (RBC), red blood cell specific volume (HCT) and hemoglobin (HGB) were significantly higher at 1 h of cold stimulation compared with 24 h of recovery (P < 0.05), and lymphocytes (Lymp), neutrophils (Gran), at 6 h of cold stimulation compared to 24 h of recovery (P < 0.05). Glutamic oxalyl transaminase (AST), glutamic alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), glucose (GLU), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly increased after 12 h of cold stimulation compared to before cold stimulation (P < 0.05). Compared to before cold stimulation, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 3 h of cold stimulation. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at 6 h of cold stimulation, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) did not change significantly (P > 0.05) throughout the process. After 24 h of recovery, all the indexes except ALT and CK After 24 h of recovery, all indexes except ALT and CK returned to normal. The results showed that cold stimulation could cause significant changes in some of the blood,