焉耆盆地水资源开发与土壤次生盐碱化防控研究

焉耆盆地水土资源丰富,光热条件充分,是新疆农牧业生产的主要基地之一。但由于长期以来水土资源开发不当,导致本区土壤次生盐碱化日趋严重,严重影响了当地农业的持续发展,且其农业排水直接导致博斯腾湖的水质劣化。本文在分析区域土壤盐分分布的空间特征和土壤次生盐碱化产生的背景条件的基础上,提出了区域水土资源可持续开发的对策,并着重分析在该盆地细土平原带通过竖井灌排开发地下水以降低地下水位的必要性与可行性,从而推动该区农业的稳定发展和环境质量的逐步好转。

Water Resources Development and Control of Soil Secondary Salinization in Yanqi Basin

The Yanqi basin,affluent in water and soil resources and photo-thermal condition,is one of the main producing areas of agriculture and stockbreeding in Xinjiang.Agricultural development has being threatened by soil secondary salinization due to improper water resources development and farmland drainage,which has led to water quality deterioration of the Bosten Lake.Based on the profound analysis of soil salinization,hydrogeological conditions and spatial distribution characteristics of soil salt,some countermeasures were proposed to improve soil secondary salinization and protect the environment.Firstly,soil secondary improvement should be incorporated with water and soil resources development at watershed scale;secondly,water withdrawal for irrigation should be reduced to a great extent and water-saving irrigation should be promoted in irrigation areas;and thirdly,drainage through vertical shaft to lower groundwater level should be reinforced to improve soil secondary salinization downright.