贵州茶园害虫区系考查及优势种演替趋势分析

贵州地处云贵高原,种茶历史悠久,茶园害虫种类丰富,在近些年考查鉴定基础上,记载了隶属于53科10目2纲的茶树害虫231种、害螨5种及其地理分布,其中鳞翅目18科110种,同翅目12科77种,这两目物种数占总物种数的81%.就优势种演替趋势来看,20世纪50年代前期茶树害虫不防治;从50年代后期至70年代末,主要害虫是假眼小绿叶蝉和茶毛虫,其中50年代茶牡蛎盾蚧、椰圆蚧和茶网蝽等害虫也较严重,60年代卷叶蛾类、尺蠖类等鳞翅目害虫严重为害,70年代刺蛾类、蓟马类严重发生.80年代初以来,侧多食跗线螨、茶橙瘿螨、茶叶瘿螨、假眼小绿叶蝉、茶黄蓟马、黑刺粉虱和茶牡蛎盾蚧等小型刺吸式害虫为害重,鳞翅目和鞘翅目等咀嚼式害虫降为次要害虫.分析优势种演替主要原因,认为:茶园耕作制度从茶树种籽的单丛种植、单行条植、到双行密植和多行密植,再到无性系良种双行条植,氮肥施用量大量增加,显著改变了茶区气候、茶园生境小气候,改善了茶园肥力,芽叶持嫩性增强,营养组成改善,生境愈趋稳定,害虫种类和个体数量增多;其次,茶树品种不断更换,主推的高产品种增多,营养组分含量增加,刺吸式害虫增多;尤其是化学农药的常年使用,致大体型、代数少的害虫逐渐减少,小体型、多化性害虫上升为主要害虫,在促使茶园昆虫区系的演替过程中起着主要作用.

Investigation on pest fauna in tea gardens and succession trend of dominant species in Guizhou Province

Guizhou Province is located in Yungui Plateau with a long history of the growing tea plants.The species richness of pests in tea gardens are various.Based on the investigations and the identification to the pest fauna during the recent years,231 species of tea plant harmful insects and 5 species of harmful mites which belong to 53 families of 10 orders of 2 classes,as well as their geographical distribution,are reported in the paper,in which 110 Lepidopteran species belonging to 18 families and 77 Homoptera...