不同水氮优化组合模式对冬小麦产量形成及水氮资源利用效率的影响

针对华北平原冬小麦生产中氮肥及灌水存在严重浪费，进而引起环境污染问题进行了研究。在传统灌溉一优化施肥、优化灌溉一传统施肥、优化水肥、秸秆还田优化水肥及传统水肥条件下，冬小麦单位面积收获穗数和子粒产量无显著性差异。优化水肥和秸秆还田优化水肥冬小麦穗粒数显著减少，千粒重显著提高。所有处理间冬小麦水分利用效率无显著性差异。传统灌溉一优化施肥、优化水肥及秸秆还田优化水肥氮肥当季利用率显著提高，因此达到了挖掘冬小麦的节肥潜力，提高优化灌溉条件下氮肥利用效率的目的。

Effects of the Different Irrigation-Fertilization Optimization Models on Grain Yield,Yield Structure and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

The experimental results showed insignificant difference in the ear number per unit area and grain yield of winter wheat between the traditional irrigation-optimized fertilization, optimized irrigation-traditional fertilization, optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization, optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization with crop residues, and traditional irrigation-traditional fertilization; the greatly reduced grain number per ear and significantly heavier weight of 1 000 grains of the optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization and optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization with crop residues; the significantly higher nitrogen use efficiency of the traditional irrigation-optimized fertilization,optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization and optimized irrigation-optimized fertilization with crop residues; and indistinct difference in water use efficiency between the five treatments.