家畜繁殖生物技术研究现状及趋势

牛胚胎移植技术已趋于成熟。我国新疆牧科院用一步细管法移植牛冻胚受胎率达41%;牛和羊鲜胚四分胚移植也产下1头犊牛和6只羔羊。家畜体外受精,因卵子体外成熟和受精卵体外培养尚不过关,目前仍停留在实验室阶段。胚胎性别鉴定,1990年Koopman发现单拷贝基因,该基因是Y染色体的性决定区,命名为SRY,可利用PCR技术制成雄性特异DNA探针盒,进行马、牛、羊、猪早期胚胎性别鉴定。北京农学院等单位用PCR扩增牛SRY序列进行奶牛胚胎性别鉴定准确率达100%。英、日、法等国已获得牛胚胎细胞核移植后代;我国也获得1只核移植兔。北农大和新疆牧科院合作以绵羊精子为载体导入牛生长激素基因rMTbGH DNA成功,外源基因整合率为3%。

CURRENT STATUS AND TREND OF REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNIQUES RESEARCH IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS

Bovine embryo transfer technique trend toward ripeness,The concept rate of transfered cattle embryoes was 41% by one step fine tube method in Xinjiang academy of animal science,1 calf and 6 lambs had been born via transfering tetrad fresh embryo,In vitro fertilization of domestic animal stay in experiment stage,because in vitro mature of egg and in vitro culture of fertilized egg were not successful,Koopman found 1 monocopy gene in 1990,the gene is sex determination zone of chromosome Y,named SRY,male specialized DNA probe box can be made by PCR technique to determine embryo sexuality of bovine,horse,sheep,pig,etc,in early stage,Beijing agricultural college,etc.unit determined sexuality of cattle embryo with cattle SRY sequence expanded by PCR.The accuracy was 100%.Nuclear transfer bovine progeny had been born in British,Japen,France,etc,country,1 nuclear transfer rabbit had been born in China,Beijing agricultural university cooperating with Xinjiang academy of animal science had successed introducing bovine growth hormone gene rMTbGH DNA with sheep sperm as carrier,the integrated rate of exogenous gene was 3%.