中国冬小麦品种的矮秆基因型

1985～1986年用6个中国冬小麦品种(系)丰产3号、矮丰3号、771、772、361和荆21与3个美国矮秆基因测验种stephens(含Rht₁)、Nugains(含Rht₂)、WA4303(含Rht₁和Rht₂)杂交,得18个杂交组合,连同P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂)共36种基因型,种植在美国受达荷大学。结果表明,株高、茎长、穗长及5个节间等性状在F₁表现显性或超显性。在P₁、P₂、F₁的27个基因型中,第5节间与株高、茎长、茎长与株高、穗长与穗粒数、抽穗期与开花期间都存在着高度正相关。从芽鞘、苗高对GA₃处理的敏感性,可以把参试的中国冬小麦品种的矮秆基因型分为4类:(1)双高秆基因型(rht₁、rht₂),以丰产3号为代表;(2)对GA₃敏感的矮秆基因型,以荆21为代表;(3)对GA₃不敏感的矮秆基因型,以771和772为代表;(4)单矮秆基因型(rht₁),以矮丰3号和361为代表。

DWARF GENOTYPES OF CHINESE VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT

Three American varieties and six Chinese varieties of wheat, and eighteen crosses were planted in Moscow. ID in 1985~1986.All F₁ populations expressed dominance or overdominance in all traits studied. Highly cortelations were found in all parents and crosses between internode 5 and culm length, internode 5 and plant height, culm length and plant height, ear length and kernels per ear, heading date and anthesis date. Negative correlations existed in F₁S between internode 5 and heading date, and anthesis date.The GA₃ reactions on the coleoptile length of F₂S occurred in the Chinese series crosses. The results indicated that Chinese varieties would be classified four genotypes: 1) Fengchan 3 with rht₁ and rht₂; 2) ZHF 21 with GA₃-insensitive dwarf genes: 3) ZHF771 and ZHF772 have GA₃noninsensitive dwarf genes: and 4)Aifeng 3 and ZHF361 with RHt₁.