水氮管理对优质杂交中稻旌优127产量及氮肥利用率的影响

为充分发挥优质稻的产量潜力并实现水氮资源的高效利用,以优质杂交中稻旌优127为材料,在大田环境下研究管水方式(W)、施氮量(N)和施氮方式(D)及其互作对水稻产量、穗粒结构和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:管水方式(W)、施氮量(N)、管水方式(D)与施氮方式互作(W×D)、管水方式与施氮量互作(W×N)、施氮量与施氮方式互作(N×D)以及三者互作(W×N×D)间对旌优127产量的影响达极显著水平,施氮方式(D)对产量的影响接近显著水平(P=0.050 5),旌优127产量在不同施氮量下均以浅湿管水且氮肥后移时产量最高。管水方式(W)、施氮量(N)、施氮方式(D)及其互作对水稻穗粒结构有不同程度的影响,通径分析表明影响产量的主要因子为单位面积有效穗数,其次是穗粒数。除施氮方式(D)、管水方式与施氮量互作(W×N)外的其他因子及其互作对氮肥农学利用率有显著影响;浅湿管水处理氮肥农学利用率显著低于常规管水处理;在浅湿管水下,氮肥后移时水稻氮肥农学利用效率随着施氮量的增加显著降低,常规施氮时差异较小;在常规管水下则相反。除施氮方式(D)外的其他因子及其互作对氮肥偏生产力有显著影响;浅湿管水处理氮肥偏生产力显著高于常规管水处理;氮肥偏生产力在不同的管水方式下均随施氮量的增加显著降低。浅湿管水,施氮100 kg/hm2,最高苗期适量施用穗肥是试验所在生态区最佳的水氮管理方式。

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Good Quality Hybrid Rice Jingyou127

In order to fully realize the yield potential of good quality rice and the efficient utilization of water and nitrogen (N) resources, we explored the effects of water management (W), N application level (N) and application method (D) as well as their interaction on rice yield, grain structure and N use efficiency by a field experiment with the good quality hybrid rice Jingyou127 as material. The results showed that the yield of Jingyou127 was extremely significant effected by W, N and the interactions of W×N, W×D, N×D and W×N×D. The effect of D on yield was close to the significant level (P=0.050 5), the yield of Jingyou127 was highest when 75% N as base fertilizer and 25% as panicle fertilizer in wet-shallow alternate irrigation. W, N, D and their interactions had different effects on grain structure. Path analysis showed that the effective panicles and spikelets per panicle were the main factors of the yield. Except D and W×N,the other factors and their interactions had significant effects on N agronomic efficiency. Under the wet-shallow alternate irrigation, N agronomic efficiency was significantly lower than that under conventional irrigation, and it significantly decreased with the increase of N application level at postponing N application treatment, but little difference under conventional N application treatment, which had the opposite effect. Except D, the other factors and their interactions had significant effects on the partial factor productivity of applied N. Under the wet-sallow alternate irrigation, the partial factor productivity of applied N was significantly higher than that under conventional irrigation, and it significantly decreased with the increased N application level. Wet-shallow alternate irrigation, 100 kg/hm² N (75% as base fertilizer and 25% as panicle fertilizer) is the best model of water-nitrogen coupling management.