旅游干扰对武夷山风景区土壤质量的影响

为探讨旅游干扰对武夷山风景区土壤质量综合影响的程度,2008年以5个核心景点区土壤为研究对象,采用土壤质量综合指数进行评价,结果表明:(1)景点土壤容重比对照点平均增加了43.0%,而土壤的非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、最大持水量、最小持水量及毛管持水量平均下降了31.4%、27.2%、28.7%、26.6%、26.9%及30.8%;(2)旅游干扰使一些景点的pH下降,另一些景点的pH增大,景点土壤有机质、全N、水解N及全P平均下降的比率较大,分别为46.05%、49.74%、56.71%及42.75%,全K、速效K和有效P则表现为增大或减少不定的变化趋势;(3)不同景点土壤质量综合指数表现为:大红袍(0.601)>水帘洞(0.382)>大王峰(0.327)>一线天(0.264)>天游峰(0.238).旅游干扰对武夷山风景区土壤质量已产生了严重的影响,据此提出了旅游可持续发展的几点建议.

Effects of Tourist Activities on Soil Quality of Wuyishan Scenery District

Topsoil(0-20 era)properties of five core tourism-spots were studied in Wuyishan Scenery District in 2008. This paper researched effects of tourist activities on soil quality by the integrated soil quality index. The results showed that: (1) The bulk density averagely increases by 43.0%, but the noncapillary porosity, capillary porosity, total porosity, the max-water-holding, min-water-holding and capillary waterholding of all the samples averagely decrease by 31.4%,27. 2%,28.7%,26.6%,26.9% and 30.8% in comparison with the contrasting spots. (2) Due to the impacts of tourist activities, the pH of soil increases in some samples and decreases in others; the decreased rates of soil organic matters,total nitrogen, available nitrogen and total phosphorus are relatively greater and respectively are 6.05 %, 49.74%, 56.71% and42.75% ;the change rates of total potassium, available potassium and available phosphorus have not any significant regular, up or down. (3)The soil quality integrated indexes of different tourism-spots were ranked as follows: big-red robe(0. 601)>water curtain cave(0. 382) >king peak(0. 327)>a line sky (0. 264)>tian-you peak(0.238). The soil quality levels of tourism-spots are influenced by the intensity of tourist activities and some suggestions are proposed to realize the sustainable development of tourism.