小鼠卵子突变基因功能表达的研究

近交系小鼠DDK具有一种奇异的繁殖特性(DDK综合症).这种特性是由于DDK卵子细胞质物质和其它品系精子因子之间存在的一种不亲合性引起的,它们二者均受到位于小鼠第11条染色体的卵子突变(OvumMutant或Om)位点上的1对等位基因所控制.本文介绍的研究成果包括:1)发现了存在于C57BL/6(B6)品系小鼠遗传背景中新的修饰基因,其使得杂合型(Om/ )雌鼠的胚胎死亡率增加,并提出了运用“等位基因排斥”理论解释修饰基因作用机理的假说;2)论证了DDK品系本身遗传背景中不具有使杂合型(Om/ )雌鼠胚胎死亡率降低的修饰基因;3)证明了小鼠遗传背景中,不存在通过杂合型(Om/ )雄鼠的精子影响DDK(Om/Om)雌鼠胚胎死亡率高低的修饰基因;4)通过不同亚种间近交系小鼠的杂交发现,在欧洲起源的DDK品系(Mus musculus domesticus)和日本起源的MOM品系(M.m.molossinus),以及和菲律宾起源的CASP品系(M.m.castaneus)之间,不存在卵子细胞质物质和精子的不亲合性,但CASP品系的卵子细胞质物质与B6品系的精子间可能存在着不亲合性.

Studies on the Functional Expression of Ovum Mutant (Om) Gene in the Mouse

Inbred strain of mice DDK shows a unique property of reproduction(DDK syndrome).This property is caused by an incompatibility between the cytoplasmic substance of DDK eggs and the sperm factor of other strains,both of which are controlled by the alleles at the ovum mutant(Om) locus on mouse Chromosome 11.The present paper reviews the following new research results: 1) there exists a new modifier gene which increases the embryonic mortality in the heterozygous(Om/ ) females having C57BL/6(B6) background genes in large proportions and a hypothesis of the "allelic exclusion" was proposed for explaining the participation of a modifier gene;2) there exist no modifier genes which decrease the embryonic mortality in the heterozygous(Om/ ) females having DDK background genes in large proportions;3) there exist no modifier genes which influence the embryonic mortality of DDK(Om/Om) females through the sperm of the heterozygous(Om/ ) male;4) it was found by the intersubspecific crosses that there are no incompatibilities between the cytoplasmic substance of eggs and the spermatozoa of males among DDK(originated from Europe,Mus.musculus.domesticus),MOM(originated from Japanese wild mice,M.m.molossinus) and CASP(originated from Philippine wild mice,M.m.castaneus) strains,however,it may be possible that there exists an incompatibility between the cytoplasmic substance of CASP eggs and the spermatozoa of B6 males.