云南、西藏与新疆小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及遗传多样性分析

 用SDS-PAGE法分析了64份中国西部特有小麦征集材料的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及遗传多样性。从34份云南小麦中，发现2种高分子量谷蛋白谱带（null、7+8、2+12和null、7、2+12）；从24份西藏小麦中，发现3种高分子量谷蛋白谱带（null、7+8、2+12, null、6+8、2+12和null、7+8、2），其中西藏小麦TB18的Glu-D1位点仅编码亚基2；从6份新疆小麦中，观察到1种高分子量谷蛋白谱带（null、7、2+12）。在云南、西藏和新疆这3种中国西部特有的小麦材料中，Glu-1位点分别出现4（Glu-A1c、Glu-B1a、Glu-B1b和Glu-D1a）、5（Glu-A1c、Glu-B1d、Glu-B1b、Glu-D1a和Glu-D1？）和3个（Glu-A1c、Glu-B1a和Glu-D1a）等位基因。云南小麦、西藏小麦和新疆小麦材料内的Nei's平均遗传变异系数分别为0.1574、0.1366和0，表明云南小麦和西藏小麦材料内的高分子量谷蛋白位点的遗传变异要高于新疆小麦。云南小麦、西藏小麦和新疆小麦A、B和D基因组的Nei's平均遗传变异系数分别为0、0.2674和0.0270，这说明在遗传多样性方面，Glu-B1位点最高，其次为Glu-D1位点，Glu-A1位点最低。

Allelic Variation and Genetic Diversity at HMW Glutenin Subunits Loci in Yunnan, Tibetan and Xinjiang Wheat

Allelic variation and genetic diversity at HMW glutenin subunits loci, Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 were investigated in 64 accessions of three unique wheat varieties from western China using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Two HMW glutenin patterns (i.e. null, 7+8, 2+12 and null, 7, 2+12) in 34 Yunnan wheat accessions, 3 HMW glutenin patterns (i.e. null, 7+8, 2+12, null, 6+8, 2+12 and null, 7+8, 2) in 24 Tibetan accessions and 1 HMW glutenin pattern (null, 7, 2+12) in 6 Xinjiang wheat accessions were found. The Tibetan accession TB18 was found to be with a rare subunit 2 encoded by Glu-D1. A total of 4 (i.e. Glu-A1c, Glu-B1a, Glu-B1b, Glu-D1a), 5 (i.e. Glu-A1c, Glu-B1d, Glu-B1b, Glu-D1a, Glu-D1？） and 3 alleles （i.e. Glu-A1c, Glu-B1a, Glu-D1a） at Glu-1 locus were identified among Yunnan, Tibetan and Xinjiang unique wheat accessions, respectively. For Yunnan wheat, Tibetan wheat and Xinjiang wheat, the Nei's mean genetic variation indexes were 0.1574, 0.1366 and 0, respectively, which might indicate the higher genetic diversity of Yunnan wheat and Tibetan wheat as compared to Xinjiang wheat. Among the three genomes of hexapliod wheats of western China, the highest Nei's genetic variation index was appeared in B genome with the mean value of 0.2674, while the indexes for genomes A and D were 0 and 0.0270, respectively. It might be reasonable to indicate that Glu-B1 showed the highest, Glu-D1the intermediate and Glu-A1 always the lowest genetic diversity.