Sulphur immobilization and arylsulphatase activity in two calcareous arable and fallow soils as affected by glucose additions

In this study we examined the effects of glucose-C on the activities of fungi and bacteria determined by the method of substrate-induced respiration (SIR) in combination with the selective inhibition technique, the immobilized-S and the arylsulphatase (ARS) activity in two calcareous arable and fallow soils. The amounts of glucose-C were added at six doses: 0, 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg kg^− 1 soil to the soils and then incubated for one week with a Na₂³⁵SO₄ solution (518.9 kBq kg^− 1 dry soil and 20 mg S kg^− 1 dry soil) prior to analysis. At the highest dose of 1000 mg kg^− 1 soil, fungal activity increased by 59.1% (of the dose 0) versus 45.5% for bacterial activity in the arable soil, while in the fallow soil the increases were more marked and corresponded to 69.9% and 71.1%, respectively. Largest increase in immobilized-S was observed in the arable soil (300.7%) compared with the fallow soil (153.1%). In contrast, the ARS activity increased by 16.4% in the arable soil versus 32.1% in the fallow soil. These results indicate that glucose proportionately affected more the intensities of immobilized-S than those of ARS. Strong positive correlation coefficients were found between fungal activities and immobilized-S in the arable soil (r = 0.96, P < 0.01) and in the fallow soil (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). However, non-significant correlations were observed between fungal activities and ARS in both studied soils. As to bacterial activities, positive significant correlation coefficients were found with immobilized-S in the arable soil (r = 0.95, P < 0.01) and in the fallow soil (r = 0.90, P < 0.05) as well as with ARS activities in the arable soil (r = 0.83, P < 0.05) and in the fallow soil (r = 0.97, P < 0.01). Overall, we also found positive and significant correlation coefficients of immobilized-S with ARS activities in the arable soil (r = 0.86, P < 0.05) and in the fallow soil (r = 0.83, P < 0.05). Accordingly, the results showed a presence of extracellular arylsulphatase activity of 38.7 mg p-nitrophenol kg^− 1 soil h^− 1 in the arable soil and of 63.5 mg p-nitrophenol kg^− 1 soil h^− 1 in the fallow soil. It was concluded that fallowing maintained larger activities of fungi, bacteria and arylsulphatase compared with the arable soil.