The Role of Exogenous Insulin in the Complex of Hepatic Lipidosis and Ketosis Associated with Insulin Resistance Phenomenon in Postpartum Dairy Cattle |
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Authors: | A Hayirli |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, School of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25700, Turkey |
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Abstract: | As a result of a marked decline in dry matter intake (DMI) prior to parturition and a slow rate of increase in DMI relative
to milk production after parturition, dairy cattle experience a negative energy balance. Changes in nutritional and metabolic
status during the periparturient period predispose dairy cattle to develop hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. The metabolic profile
during early lactation includes low concentrations of serum insulin, plasma glucose, and liver glycogen and high concentrations
of serum glucagon, adrenaline, growth hormone, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids, and liver triglyceride.
Moreover, during late gestation and early lactation, flow of nutrients to fetus and mammary tissues are accorded a high degree
of metabolic priority. This priority coincides with lowered responsiveness and sensitivity of extrahepatic tissues to insulin,
which presumably plays a key role in development of hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. Hepatic lipidosis and ketosis compromise
production, immune function, and fertility. Cows with hepatic lipidosis and ketosis have low tissue responsiveness to insulin
owing to ketoacidosis. Insulin has numerous roles in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Insulin is an anabolic
hormone and acts to preserve nutrients as well as being a potent feed intake regulator. In addition to the major replacement
therapy to alleviate severity of negative energy balance, administration of insulin with concomitant delivery of dextrose
increases efficiency of treatment for hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. However, data on use of insulin to prevent these lipid-related
metabolic disorders are limited and it should be investigated. |
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Keywords: | insulin resistance insulin therapy hepatic lipidosis ketosis dairy cows |
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