干旱山地果园储水滴灌试验研究

研究结果表明:储水滴灌为干旱山地果树生长提供了一个比较稳定而持久的水分供应系统。土壤含水量比对照平均提高13%,主要分布在21-80cm土层;同时改善了土壤物理性状和提高了养分含量,土壤比重随土层深度逐渐增加,土壤空隙度发育表层为54.35%,其余各层变动在48-51%之间;土壤容重较对照区降低了0.19g/cm3、空隙度增加了10.6%、碱解氮提高了5.7 mg.kg-1、速效磷提高2.8 mg.kg-1、速效钾提高8.4 mg.kg-1。改变了苹果新梢生长节律,促进春梢生长,抑制秋梢生长;百叶重提高了13.3%,座果率提高了76.8%,平均单果重提高了40.3%,产量提高了156.6%,优果率达到了90.5%。

Applying of Water Conservation and Dripping Irrigation in Droughty Hilly Country Orchard

The results show water conservation and dripping irrigation provides a steady and sustaining water serving system for orchard on droughty hilly country. Soil water content is 13% higher than control and soil water distribution is mainly in 21-80 cm soil layer. At the same time water conservation and dripping irrigation improves soil physical property and nutrient content. Soil bulk density is gradually increased with soil layer downwards. Soil prosity is 54. 35% in surface layer and ranged between 48% and 51% in the other layer. Comparing with control soil bulk density is increased by 0.19g/cm^3 , prosity by 10.6%, alkali solvable N by 5.7 rag. kg^-1, available P 2.8 rag. kg^-1 , available K by 8.4 rag. kg^-1. These all make a change in growth rule of apple new branches. It promotes branches growth in spring but restrains them in autumn. Water conservation and dripping irrigation also improved root system growth. In addition weight of one hundred leaves is increased by 13.3%, fructification rate by 76.8%, weight of single fruit by 40.3%, yield by 156.6% and fruit high quality rate by 90.5%.