In vivo kinetics of peripheral cellular immune responses in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infected and vaccinated goats |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India;2. Department of Bio-technology, GLA University, Post-Chaumuhan, Dist. Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281 406, India;3. Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India;4. Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India;5. Division of Animal Health, Central institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, UP 281122, India;1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155–6453 Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 5166616471 Tabriz, Iran;1. Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Nasiriyah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq;2. Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq;1. Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Department of Veterinary Medicine - R. Manuel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, CEP. 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil;2. Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Institute of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Rua Três de Maio, 100 - Vila Clementino, CEP. 04044-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;1. Laboratório de Imunologia e Doenças Infectocontagiosas. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba, IFPB, Sousa, Paraíba, Brasil;2. Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil;1. Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Center for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, 781022, Assam, India;3. Department of Parasitology, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tirunelveli, 600051, India;4. Department of Geography, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India;5. Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology& Obstetrics (ARGO), College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, 781022, Assam, India;1. Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Federal University of Bahia, 500 Adhemar de Barros Av., Salvador, BA 40170-110, Brazil;2. Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, 500 Adhemar de Barros Av., Salvador, BA 40170-110, Brazil;3. Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Reitor Miguel Calmon Av., Salvador, BA 40140-100, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (ParaTB) also known as Johne’s disease (JD) in ruminants, which is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. A similar counterpart has been observed in the form of Crohn's disease in humans. The present study is the first trail in goats to understand the peripheral cellular immune responses following experimental MAP infection and vaccination. Fifteen apparently healthy male kids (3–6 months old) of Barbari breed were included in this study. In the experimental study, 5 kids were infected with ‘S 5’ strain of MAP (“Indian Bison Type”), 5 were vaccinated (Indigenous Vaccine) against MAP infection (Singh et al., 2007) and the remaining 5 kids were uninfected and non-vaccinated controls. Kids were observed for a period of 180 days post exposure (infection and vaccination) and were tested for development of infection. Cellular immune responses (in blood) were recorded post-exposure by three assays. We measured the frequencies of CD4 and CD8T cells, estimated plasma IFNγ and TNα and in the third assay, in vitro cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from vaccinated, infected and controls were examined in response to polyclonal stimulation. The frequencies of peripheral CD4 and CD8T cells were comparable in control, infected and vaccinated animals except around day 49 post-infection where MAP infected animals showed a trend towards significantly reduced frequencies of CD4 T cells compared to apparently healthy controls. Significantly reduced plasma TNFα levels were also observed in infected animals compared to vaccinated animals,during the course of infection. Diminished levels (although non significant) of TNFα were observed in the supernatants from polyclonally stimulated PBMCs at around day 49 post infection. It is conceivable that the diminished cellular immune responses may coincide with an impairment (immune exhaustion) of perhaps antigen-specific CD4T cells that might, in the course of infection, contribute to the progressive nature of caprine paratuberculosis. |
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| Keywords: | CD4 T cells CD8T cells Cytokine responses infected vaccinated goats |
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