Outbreak of equine coronavirus infection among riding horses in Tokyo,Japan |
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| Institution: | 1. Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan;2. Racehorse Clinic, Tokyo Racecourse, Japan Racing Association, 1-1 Hiyoshi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-0024, Japan;1. Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Do Conde, 6000 - Sans Souci, 92990-000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090 - Agronomia, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;3. Feevale, Universidade Feevale, Av. Edgar Hoffmeister, 600 - Zona Industrial Norte, Campo Bom, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;1. Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran;2. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Sanandaj Branch Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran;2. Department of Pathobiology, Sanandaj Branch Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran;1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran;2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran |
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| Abstract: | In 2020, an outbreak of equine coronavirus (ECoV) infection occurred among 41 horses at a riding stable in Tokyo, Japan. This stable had 16 Thoroughbreds and 25 horses of other breeds, including Andalusians, ponies and miniature horses. Fifteen horses (37 %) showed mild clinical signs such as fever, lethargy, anorexia and diarrhoea, and they recovered within 3 days of onset. A virus neutralization test showed that all 41 horses were infected with ECoV, signifying that 26 horses (63 %) were subclinical. The results suggest that subclinical horses played an important role as spreaders. A genome sequence analysis revealed that the lengths from genes p4.7 to p12.7 or NS2 in ECoV differed from those of ECoVs detected previously, suggesting that this outbreak was caused by a virus different from those that caused previous outbreaks among draughthorses in Japan. Among 30 horses that tested positive by real-time RT-PCR, ECoV shedding periods of non-Thoroughbreds were significantly longer than those of Thoroughbreds. The difference in shedding periods may indicate that some breeds excrete ECoV longer than other breeds and can contribute to the spread of ECoV. |
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| Keywords: | Subclinical infection Equine coronavirus Japan Outbreak Thoroughbred |
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