Swine as reservoirs of zoonotic borderline oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Animal Science, College for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Rod. PB079 Km12, s/n, 58397-000, Areia, PB, Brazil;2. Department of Veterinary Pathology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Animal Science, College for Agricultural, Social and Human Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), Rua João Pessoa s/n, 58220-000, Bananeiras, PB, Brazil;4. Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University (OSU), 43210, Columbus, OH, USA;5. Global One Health Initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA;1. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Efeler, Aydin, 09016 Turkey;2. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Diskapi, Ankara, 06110, Turkey;1. Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil;2. Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Museu de Ciências Naturais do Rio Grande do Sul, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura (SEMA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;4. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária (DVT), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil;1. Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt;2. Animal and Poultry Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt;3. Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt;1. Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, sn, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil;2. Department of Forestry Science, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, sn, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil;1. Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany;2. Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany;1. Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain;2. Grupo de Rehabilitación de la Fauna Autóctona y su Hábitat (GREFA), Monte del Pilar, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain;3. Grupo de Estudio de la Medicina y Conservación de la Fauna Silvestre (GEMAS), Spain;4. Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria (Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación), Algete, Spain;5. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Methicillin resistance mediated by the mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus, also known as “true MRSA”, is typically associated with high oxacillin MIC values (≥8 mg/L). Because non-mecA-mediated oxacillin resistant S. aureus phenotypes can also cause hard-to-treat diseases in humans, their misidentification as methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strains (MSSA) can compromise the efficiency of the antimicrobial therapy. These strains have been refereed as Borderline Oxacillin-Resistant S. aureus (BORSA) but their characterization and role in clinical microbiology have been neglected. Considering the increasing importance of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus ST398 (LA-MRSA) as an emerging zoonotic pathogen worldwide, this study aimed to report the genomic context of oxacillin resistance in porcine S. aureus ST398 strains. S. aureus isolates were recovered from asymptomatic pigs from three herds. Oxacillin MIC values ranged from 4 to 32 mg/L. MALDI-TOF-confirmed isolates were screened for mecA and mecC by PCR and genotyped by means of PFGE and Rep-PCR. Seven isolates were whole genome sequenced. None of the isolates harbored the mecA gene or its variants. Although all seven sequenced isolates belonged to one sequence type (ST398), two different spa types (t571 and t1471) were identified. All isolates harbored conserved blaZ gene operon and no mutations on genes encoding for penicillin-binding-proteins were detected. Genes conferring resistance against other drugs such as aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin (MLS), tetracycline and trimethoprim were also detected. Isolates also harbored virulence genes encoding for adhesins (icaA; icaB; icaC; icaD; icaR), toxins (hlgA; hlgB; hlgC; luk-PV) and protease (aur). Pigs can serve as reservoirs of non-mecA-mediated oxacillin-resistant ST398 strains potentially pathogenic to humans. Considering that mecA has been the main target to screen methicillin-resistant staphylococci, the occurrence of BORSA phenotypes is probably underestimated in livestock. |
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| Keywords: | Antimcirobial resistance Methicillin Pigs |
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