CaCl2浸泡处理对银杏贮藏品质和种壳超微结构的影响

以银杏核用主栽品种佛指和龙眼为试材,将其种核用1% CaCl2浸泡处理24 h,然后置于室温下贮藏,研究在贮藏过程中种核呼吸强度和品质变化规律,并对种壳超微结构进行观察.结果表明:①银杏种核单粒重和种仁呼吸强度、含水量、总淀粉含量及支链淀粉含量均随贮藏时间的延长而下降,浮籽率则呈上升趋势;品种间比较以龙眼呼吸强度高、水分散失快、营养消耗高;CaCl2处理后种核的水分散失和养分消耗均受到抑制,种仁呼吸强度也有下降,其中龙眼的处理效果较为明显.②银杏种壳由大量管胞组成,管胞表面光滑,穿孔明显,穿孔主要有圆形和撕裂状;管胞直径和穿孔的形状、分布、大小品种间差异显著,与佛指比较龙眼的管胞直径较小、穿孔面积较大;CaCl2处理后种壳表面密布钙质颗粒,部分颗粒覆盖于管胞的穿孔洞口,减少了水分的散失和O2的进入,提高了银杏种核贮藏性能.

Effect of CaCl2 Treatment on Storage Qualities of Seed Stone and Ultrastructure of Shell in Ginkgo biloba L.

Buddha-finger and Dragon-eye,two important seed-purpose cultivars of Ginkgo biloba L.were selected as experimental materials.The seed stones were stored at room temperature after dipped in 1% CaCl2 solution,the control was set as no CaCl2 dipping.The changes of quality of seed stones during storage and ultrastructure of shell were observed.The single stone weight,respiratory intensity(RI) of kernel,as well as water content,amylose and amylopectin starch content of all seed stones were decreased along with storage time,and the rate of floating stone was increased.Compared to Buddha-finger,the RI of Dragon-eye was higher,the speed of transpiration was faster and the consumption of nutrition was more.CaCl2 treatment restrained the RI,transpiration and consumption to a certain extent,which were obviously observed in Dragon-eye.The shell of seed stone consisted of tracheides,on which there were circular and lacerative holes.Dragon-eye had smaller tracheides and bigger holes than Buddha-finger did.Treated cells of seedstone were densely covered by granules of calcium,part of which covered the holes on tracheides,resulting in the extension of storage life.