无盘抛秧剂对旱育抛秧水稻的增产效果及机理

采用无盘抛秧剂结合种子包衣进行水稻无盘早育抛秧试验,结果显示:与肥床旱育抛秧和塑盘旱育抛秧处理相比,水稻无盘旱育抛秧处理的出苗率和成秧率分别提高5.1%～8.9%和5.8%～10.0%;恶苗病发生率、死苗及地下害虫的危害率均明显降低;秧苗单株带蘖数增加40%～60%,不定根数增加60%～80%,百苗干重增加30%～40%,苗高降低8%～10%;秧苗根部形成直径2.5～3.0 cm的"吸湿泥球",带土量提高4倍以上;秧苗抛栽直立苗率提高7倍以上,立苗时间缩短2～3 d;秧苗抛后发根力强,分蘖起步早、发生量大;群体生长协调,各主要生育时期叶面积指数和干物质积累量提高;1 hm2有效穗和总粒数提高,增产达极显著水平.

Yield Increasing Effects of No-plate Seed-coating Material on Dry-raised Cast-transplanted Rice and Its Mechanism

Experiments on no-plate dryraised and cast-transplanted rice treated with seed-coating material were carried out in the field in comparison with dry-raised cast-transplanted rice in fertile bed and dry-raised cast-transplanted rice with plastic plate.For no-plated dry-raised and cast-transplanted rice,seedling emerging rate and seedling rate were raised by 5.1%-8.9% and 5.8%-10.0%,and bakana damage rate,dead seedling rate and underground pests damage rate dropped significantly.Tiller number per plant,adventitious root number and 100-seedling dry weight were enhanced by 40%-60%,60%-80% and 30%-40%,respectively,while seedling height was dwarfed by 8%-10%.Furthermore,by applying both seed-coating material and no-plate dry-raising and cast-transplantation to rice,a water-storing soil ball with diameter of 2.5-3.0 cm was formed around rice seedling root,improving the soil amount around the root more than four times,increasing the standing seedling rate of rice after cast-transplantation more than 7 times and shortening the time needed for seedling standing by 2-3 d.In addition,stronger root-bearing capacity,earlier tillering and more tillers,larger leaf area index and higher dry matter accumulation were found in no-plate dry-raised and cast-transplanted rice,which played an important role in yield increasing.