马铃薯不同品种氮素吸收转运规律

为明确内蒙古自治区各类型马铃薯氮素养分吸收特点,给予生产施肥环节中一定的理论支持,选择了5个在内蒙古自治区广泛种植的马铃薯品种(‘大西洋’、‘费乌瑞它’、‘克新1号’、‘陇薯3号’和‘夏坡蒂’),在武川县大豆铺村进行大田试验,对马铃薯各生育时期的不同器官中氮素吸收量、积累速率以及转运量进行测定。结果表明,5个品种马铃薯的氮素阶段积累量的峰值出现于出苗后的60~75 d。早熟品种‘费乌瑞它’氮积累总量最小,为610.85 kg/hm^2;而中晚熟品种‘大西洋’的氮积累总量相对较大,达到847.56 kg/hm^2。全生育期氮素在叶片中的分配呈现递减趋势,在茎秆中的分配呈现低-高-低的变化趋势,在块茎中的分配呈现递增趋势。叶、茎秆、块茎中氮素分配率在全生育期中的变化区间分别为(29.9%,93.0%)、(6.6%,36.7%)和(0,59.9%)。研究表明,不同品种马铃薯氮素吸收方式差异较大,大田施肥管理需做针对性处理。

Nitrogen Uptake and Translocation in Different Potato Varieties

Five potato varieties('Atlantic','Favorita','Kexin 1','Longshu 3'and'Shepody'),which were widely planted in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,were selected to conduct field experiments in Daidoupu Village,Wuchuan County,and nitrogen uptake,accumulation rate and translocation in different organs during growth were measured in order to clarify the characteristics of nitrogen uptake by potatoes of various types in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and give some theoretical supports in the process of production and fertilization.The peak value of nitrogen accumulation in five potato cultivars appeared 60-75 days after emergence.The total nitrogen accumulation of the early maturing variety'Favorita'was the smallest,610.85 kg/ha,while that of the mid-late maturing variety'Atlantic'was relatively large,reaching 847.56 kg/ha.During the whole growth period,the distribution of nitrogen in leaves showed a decreasing trend,the distribution in stems showed a low-high-low trend,and the distribution in tubers showed an increasing trend.The variation ranges of nitrogen allocation rates in leaves,stems and tubers during the whole growth period were(29.9%and 93.0%),(6.6%and 36.7%)and(0 and 59.9%),respectively.The results showed that different varieties of potatoes had different ways of nitrogen uptake,and field fertilization management needs to be targeted.