基于森林资源二类调查数据的森林景观分类研究

以吉林省汪清林业局金沟岭林场为例 ,提出一种基于森林资源二类调查数据的景观要素分类方法。选取优势树种 (组 )、海拔、坡度、坡向和太阳辐射强度作为分类因子 ,在GIS技术支持下 ,按分类因子分割林场森林景观空间为 975 7个空间基本单元 ,建立起量化的、与植被和环境因子相关的森林景观空间基本单元数据库 ,在此基础上采用聚类分析方法把所有基本单元聚合为不同相似水平上的景观要素类型 ,结合生态特征和经营需要对聚类结果进行分析并最终确定了 7种景观要素类型 ,生成了景观要素类型斑块图。斑块特征和空间格局分析结果表明 :该林区森林景观中以小斑块要素比例最大 ,中、小斑块数占总斑块数的 90 %。针阔混交林具有最大的面积、平均斑块面积、斑块周长、最大生境面积和内部生境指数 ,是该地区受人为干扰相对较小、仍需要进行保护的景观要素类型。在森林经营中 ,应注意保护大型斑块的景观要素类型

Study on Classification of Forest Landscape Components Based on Forest Resource Inventory Data for Management

Based on data of forest resource inventory, a classification method for landscape components was developed in this study. With the data of Jingouling Forest Farm of Wangqing Forestry Bureau in Jilin Province, China, the quantitative and spatial database of vegetation and environment factors was established for classification works. Dominant tree species(or groups), elevation, slope and intensity of solar radiation were selected as influencing factors for classification, and the spatial range of the forest farm was segmented into 9 757 elementary units by the projection division of vector layers of the 5 influencing factors. Cluster analysis was then conducted with the 9 757 elementary units and 7 types of landscape component were determined as the key elements of forest landscape composition, and the related patch map was created respectively. Results of patch features and patterns analysis showed that: the small class of the landscape patch constituted the majority, and the small and middle classes of landscape patch accounted for 90% of the total patches. The mixed forest of conifer-broad leaves occupied the biggest area, the longest average patch area, the longest patch perimeter and the inner habitat index, etc., showing a relatively fewer man-made interference and then should be carefully protected in the process of forest management.