蜡梅花香及花色色素成分的初步研究

采用顶空固相微萃取吸附6个蜡梅基因型鲜花的香气成分,用色谱/质谱联用仪分析鉴定。结果共检出45个成分,其中鉴定了37个,只有18个共同出现在6个样品中。帖烯在花香中起主导作用,其中反式β-罗勒烯和芳樟醇的含量丰富,另外苯环型化合物乙酸苄酯也在花香成分中占有大的比重。但是各个主要组分在不同的基因型中相对含量差异很大,结果表明不同蜡梅基因型的花香成分存在质和量的变化。此外,选取在颜色表现性状上具有代表性的蜡梅中、内被片,通过一系列的颜色反应和紫外-可见光光度计在200~600nm范围内的扫描光谱分析。结果表明:蜡梅花色色素主要是黄酮类化合物,含有橙酮或/和查耳酮、二氢黄酮或/和二氢黄酮醇及具有邻二酚羟基的黄酮类物质,可能含有黄酮、黄酮醇、异黄酮;杏黄色和黄绿色的花被片(包括中被片和内被片)中还含有微量的叶绿素a,而其他色泽的花被片中不含有叶绿素a;乔种和红心类蜡梅的内被片中还含有花色素及其苷类,且颜色的深浅与其花色素及苷类的含量呈正相关。

Preliminary studies on the components of volatile floral flavor and flower pigments of Chimonanthus praecox L

The method of HS-SPME-GC-MS was applied to determine the volatile compounds in flowers of six Chimonanthus praecox genotypes. A total of 45 compounds were detected, of which 37 were identified and only 18 common to all six genotypes. The terpenoids dominated the scent for all samples, (E)-β-ocimene, linalool and benzyl acetate were the major compounds in the scent. The results suggested qualitative and quantitative differences of volatile compounds occurred among genotypes. Besides, we reported the investigation on the flower pigments of C. praecox. Samples from the inner and medium tepals were selected respectively for their representative phenotype in color. The analysis of several color reactions and UV-visible spectra (200-600 nm) showed the results as follows: the main flower color pigments are attributed to flavonoids, including aurones and or chalcones, flavonols and or flavanones, and other flavonoids with two neighbouring phenolic hydroxyl, but not excluding flavones, isoflavones and flavonols. The apricot-yellow and yellowish green tepals contained a spot of chlorophyll a compared with the other tinctorial tepals. Furthermore, anthocyanin and its anthocyanidin were contained in the mauve inner tepals or the ones with mauve blotches, and the more content of the anthocyanins, the more mauve of inner tepals pigment would be.